Table 2.
Alcohol consumption and risk of incident atrial fibrillation
| No alcohol
(n=15370) |
<1 drink/day
(n=15758) |
1–<2 drinks/day
(n=2228) |
≥2 drinks/day
(n=1359) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION EVENTS INCLUDED | ||||
| Number of events (%) | 294 (1.9) | 284 (1.8) | 35 (1.6) | 40 (2.9) |
| Age-adjusted incidence/1000 py | 1.59 | 1.55 | 1.27 | 2.25 |
| Relative risks (Baseline examination) | ||||
| Age-adjusted (n=34715) | Referent | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) | 0.79 (0.55–1.12) | 1.48 (1.06–2.06) |
| Multivariable adjusted I (n=33525)* | Referent | 1.06 (0.89–1.25) | 0.87 (0.61–1.25) | 1.61 (1.14–2.27) |
| Multivariable adjusted II (n=32703)† | Referent | 1.05 (0.88–1.25) | 0.84 (0.58–1.22) | 1.60 (1.13–2.25) |
| Relative risks (Variables updated at 48 months) | ||||
| Age-adjusted (n=34715) | Referent | 0.89 (0.75–1.05) | 0.84 (0.61–1.16) | 1.36 (0.98–1.90) |
| Multivariable adjusted I (n=33525)‡ | Referent | 0.96 (0.81–1.15) | 0.97 (0.70–1.36) | 1.49 (1.05–2.11) |
| Multivariable adjusted II (n=32703)† | Referent | 0.95 (0.80–1.14) | 0.98 (0.70–1.37) | 1.49 (1.05–2.11) |
| WOMEN CENSORED AT THE FIRST CARDIOVASCULAR EVENT§ | ||||
| Number of events (%) | 267 (1.7) | 266 (1.7) | 35 (1.6) | 38 (2.8) |
| Age-adjusted incidence/1000 py | 1.48 | 1.48 | 1.30 | 2.18 |
| Relative risks | ||||
| Age-adjusted (n=34715) | Referent | 1.03 (0.87–1.22) | 0.86 (0.60–1.22) | 1.53 (1.09–2.15) |
| Multivariable adjusted I (n=33525)* | Referent | 1.08 (0.91–1.29) | 0.95 (0.66–1.37) | 1.69 (1.19–2.41) |
| Multivariable adjusted II (n=32703)† | Referent | 1.07 (0.90–1.28) | 0.92 (0.63–1.33) | 1.68 (1.18–2.39) |
Data are incidence rates or hazard ratios (95% confidence interval)
*
Adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, history of hypertension, body mass index, smoking, history of diabetes, history of hypertercholesterolemia and randomized treatment assignment
†
Additionally adjusted for exercise, race/ethnicity and highest education level
‡
Adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, history of hypertension, body mass index, smoking, history of diabetes, history of hypertercholesterolemia and randomized treatment assignment; all variables were updated at 48 months.
§
A cardiovascular event was defined as stroke, myocardial infarction or coronary revascularisation.