Table 1.
Characteristics HIV-infected multiparous mothers and their infants by previous exposure to single-dose nevirapine (SDNVP).
| Mother previously nevirapine exposed | Mother previously nevirapine un-exposed | p-value | |
| Na | 59 | 782 | |
| Socio-demographic variables | |||
| Maternal age [mean ± SD] | 27.3 ± 5.1 | 26.9 ± 4.9 | 0.59 |
| Number of previous live births [median (IQR)] | 3 (2, 4) | 2 (1, 3) | 0.001 |
| HIV-related factors at enrolment | |||
| HIV viral load [copies per ml ] | |||
| Median (IQR) | 20,501 (7,001; 60,617) | 39,401 (9,728; 130,058) | 0.04 |
| < 10 000 [N (%)] | 17 (29) | 202 (26) | |
| 10 000–99 999 [N (%)] | 31 (53) | 346 (44) | |
| ≥ 100 000 [N (%)] | 10 (17) | 232 (30) | 0.11 (trend) |
| CD4 cells [counts per μl] | |||
| Median (IQR) | 335 (222, 453) | 316 (190, 468) | 0.86 |
| < 200 | 14 (24) | 205 (26) | |
| 200–349 | 19 (33) | 238 (30) | |
| ≥ 350 | 25 (43) | 338 (43) | 0.86 (trend) |
| N (%) WHO clinical stage III | 11 (19) | 337 (43) | 0.0002 |
| BMI at 1 month post partum [mean ± SD] | 22.7 ± 3.2 | 21.7 ± 3.4 | 0.03 |
| Hemoglobin [g/dl] [mean ± SD] | 10.9 ± 1.5 | 10.6 ± 1.5 | 0.12 |
| Positive rapid plasma regain test for syphilis [N (%)] | 6 (11) | 135 (18) | 0.15 |
| Obstetric and infant variables | |||
| Caesarean sections [N (%)] | 1 (2) | 14 (2) | 1.0 |
| Low birth weight [N (%) < 2500 g] | 2 (4) | 83 (11) | 0.07 |
| Birth weight [mean ± SD] | 3077 ± 439 | 3015 ± 496 | 0.36 |
| Preterm delivery [N (%) ≤ 34 weeks of gestation] | 11 (19) | 178 (23) | 0.50 |
| Sex [N (%) male] | 26 (44) | 407 (52) | 0.23 |
| Nevirapine prophylaxis at current delivery | |||
| Maternal dose taken [N (%)] | 58 (98) | 745 (95) | 0.51 |
| Infant dose taken [N (%)] | 57 (98) | 733 (95) | 0.35 |
| HIV transmission and infant mortalityb | |||
| Infants HIV positive ≤ day 42 [N (%)] | 3 (5) | 94 (12) | 0.11 |
| Infants HIV positive or died ≤ day 42 [N (%)]c | 4 (7) | 127 (16) | 0.06 |
a) numbers may differ from the total due to missing data
b) Loss to follow-up at 42 days (as defined as HIV-uninfected, did not die ≤ 42 days, but was last tested before the one month visit) was not significantly different between both groups (1 (2%) versus 63 (8%), p = 0.08).
c) The study size for the combined analysis of infant mortality and HIV transmission was slightly larger as it includes 1 infant in the exposed and 18 in the unexposed group who died before the HIV status was established.