Table 2.
Descriptions of miRNA processing genes functions.
| Gene | Known (or potential) function |
|---|---|
| ADAR | |
| ADARB1 | Binds to short interfering RNAs (siRNA) without editing them and suppresses siRNA-mediated RNA interference |
| DICER1 | Involved in cleaving double-stranded RNA in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. It produces 21 to 23 bp dsRNAs (siRNAs) which target the selective destruction of homologous RNAs |
| DGCR8 | Critical for the processing of pri-miRNA into pre-miRNA |
| EIF2C1 | |
| EIF2C2/AGO2 | |
| EIF2C3 | Provides endonuclease activity to RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC). Cleaves siRNA/mRNA heteroduplexes bound to RISC. |
| EIF2C4 | Essential for embryonic development as well as RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi) |
| FMRI | RNA-binding protein. Associated with polysomes and might be involved in the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm |
| GEMIN4 | |
| GEMIN5 | |
| GEMIN6 | |
| GEMIN7 | The survival of motor neuron (SMN) complex plays an essential role in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm and is required for pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus |
| SIP1/GEMIN2 | |
| MOV10 | Required to mediate microRNA-guided mRNA cleavage |
| PIWIL1 | Probable component of some RISC complex (RNA-induced silencing), which plays a role in spermatogenesis and in germ cell production, proliferation and maintenance. Inhibits endoribonuclease DICER1 activity. |
| PIWIL2 | |
| RANGAP1 | Involved in mRNA processing and transport |
| RISC/SCPEP1 | |
| RNASEN/DROSHA | Executes the initial step of microRNA (miRNA) processing in the nucleus that is cleavage of pri-miRNA to release pre- miRNA. Involved in pre-rRNA processing. Cleaves double-strand RNA and does not cleave single-strand RNA |
| TNRC6B | Required for miRNA-guided gene silencing and are present in P bodies |
| XPO | |
| XPO4 | Mediates the nuclear export of micro-RNA precursors, which form short hairpins. Also mediates the nuclear export of synthetic short hairpin |
| XPO5 | RNAs used for RNA interference, and adenovirus VA1 dsRNA. |
| YBX1 | Binds to splice sites in pre-mRNA and regulates splice site selection. Binds and stabilizes cytoplasmic mRNA. Contributes to the regulation of translation by modulating the interaction between the mRNA and eukaryotic initiation factors |