Table 1.
Protein-related statements in educational materials [2]
| "Overconsumption of protein offers no benefits and may pose health risks. High protein diets have been implicated in several chronic diseases including heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis, obesity and kidney stones..." |
| "This section briefly describes the relationships between protein intake and bone loss. When protein intake is high calcium excretion rises." |
| "...people take these [protein] supplements for many different reasons, all of them unfounded... Like many other magic solutions to health problems, protein and amino acid supplements don't work these miracles [and] may be harmful." |
| "Normal, healthy people never need protein or amino acid supplements." |
| "Muscle work builds muscle; [protein] supplements do not..." |
| "Overconsumption of protein offers no benefits and may pose health risks." |
| "Excesses of protein offer no advantage; in fact, overconsumption of protein-rich foods may incur health problems as well." |
| "Athletes are not only pumping iron these days, they're also pumping protein supplements in hopes of building muscles..." |
| "If excess protein means excess calories, this adds weight as fat, not muscle" |
| "Purified protein supplements can contribute to calcium losses and therefore harm bone health." |
| "High protein diets have been implicated in the development of weak bones, kidney stones, cancer, heart disease and obesity." |
| "Diets very high in protein result in death after several weeks." |
| "Because information on the effects of high-protein intakes is limited, people are cautioned not to consume high levels of protein from foods or supplements." |
| "...intended to protect student-athlete well being..." and "A permissible supplement can contain no more than 30 percent of its calories from protein"; Other language in document: "protect", "warning", "potentially harmful", "risk", "concoction" |
| "Studies present conflicting data as to whether or not animal protein, as contrasted to plant protein, decreases bone density with an increased risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures." |
| "Taking large amounts of these supplements can lead to dehydration, loss of urinary calcium, weight gain, and kidney and liver stress." |
| "In fact, protein consumed in excess of what the body needs will be converted to fat." |
| "Also of concern is that excessive protein consumption can cause dehydration and place added stress on the kidneys and liver." |
| "There are a number of problems associated with excessive meat and protein consumption." |
| "The more protein you eat, the more calcium is excreted; this can compromise bone health." |
| "High protein diets also stress the kidneys, and may cause diarrhea and worsen dehydration." |
| "Excess protein in the diet is usually turned into fat, not muscle." |