Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics (Means and Proportions) of the Study Population According to Quintile of Total Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, 1995–1996

Characteristic	Quintile of Total Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
	1	2	3	4	5
Men
No. of participants	56,257	56,258	56,258	56,258	56,257
Age, years	61.4	62.0	62.2	62.5	62.7
Body mass indexa	27.4	27.4	27.3	27.2	27.0
Physical activityb, no. of times per week	2.8	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.6
Race, %
White	95.1	94.9	94.5	93.5	91.4
Black	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.6	3.5
Otherc	2.6	2.8	3.2	3.9	5.1
Smoking status, %
Never smoker	21.2	28.3	31.6	34.0	36.2
Former smoker	53.2	57.3	58.4	58.5	58.2
Quit ≥10 years ago	73.6	78.4	80.7	81.9	83.1
Quit 5–9 years ago	16.1	13.7	12.8	12.1	11.2
Quit 1–4 years ago	10.3	7.9	6.5	6.0	5.7
Current smoker	25.6	14.4	10.1	7.6	5.6
≤20 cigarettes/day	48.8	58.2	61.8	67.1	71.9
21–40 cigarettes/day	43.6	37.4	33.8	29.8	25.4
>40 cigarettes/day	7.6	4.4	4.4	3.1	2.7
Education ≥college degree, %	36.1	45.5	49.3	52.0	53.2
Family history of any cancer, % yes	47.5	48.1	47.9	47.2	46.1
Total energy intake, kcal/day	2,310	2,091	1,992	1,887	1,725
Median alcohol intake, g/day	5.3	4.7	4.0	3.3	2.0
Women
No. of participants	38,158	38,159	38,159	38,159	38,158
Age, years	61.2	61.7	62.0	62.1	62.2
Body mass index	27.3	27.1	26.9	26.7	26.2
Physical activity, no. of times per week	2.4	2.8	3.0	3.2	3.6
Race, %
White	93.0	92.9	92.0	90.6	87.9
Black	4.4	4.4	5.0	5.7	7.3
Other	2.6	2.8	3.1	3.7	4.8
Smoking status, %
Never smoker	38.1	44.7	47.2	48.4	49.2
Former smoker	32.3	37.2	38.8	39.8	40.7
Quit ≥10 years ago	63.8	69.0	70.8	72.6	73.2
Quit 5–9 years ago	20.9	19.0	17.9	17.2	17.3
Quit 1–4 years ago	15.4	12.0	11.3	10.2	9.5
Current smoker	29.6	18.2	14.0	11.8	10.1
≤20 cigarettes/day	64.2	73.5	77.0	79.0	84.0
21–40 cigarettes/day	32.8	24.7	21.5	19.8	15.4
>40 cigarettes/day	3.0	1.8	1.5	1.2	0.6
Education ≥college degree, %	24.8	31.2	34.6	36.0	38.1
Family history of any cancer, % yes	51.7	52.3	52.0	51.5	50.5
Total energy intake, kcal/day	1,697	1,623	1,565	1,511	1,392
Median alcohol intake, g/day	0.85	1.1	1.1	0.87	0.65

Abbreviation: NIH, National Institutes of Health.

^aWeight (kg)/height (m)².

^bDefined as engaging in physical activity for at least 20 minutes that caused increases in breathing or heart rate or worked up a sweat.

^cIncludes Hispanics, Asians, Pacific Islanders, and American Indians/Alaska Natives.