Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by Quartile of Dependence Scale.
| Quartile of Dependence Scale | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Sample | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| N | 179 | 42 | 56 | 43 | 38 |
| Range of DS Score | 0-15 | 0-3 | 4-5 | 6 | 7-15 |
| Female | 58.1 (104) | 66.7 (28) | 53.6 (30) | 53.5 (23) | 60.5 (23) |
| Age in years, mean (SD)*** | 76.03 (8.0) | 72.83 (7.7) | 75.41 (7.3) | 76.77 (8.8) | 79.63 (7.1) |
| Younger than 65, % (n)*** | 8.9 (16) | 14.3 (6) | 7.1 (4) | 11.6 (5) | 2.6 (1) |
| 65-74, % (n) | 28.5 (51) | 42.9 (18) | 37.5 (21) | 14.0 (6) | 15.8 (6) |
| 75-84, % (n) | 49.2 (88) | 40.5 (17) | 44.6 (25) | 55.8 (24) | 57.9 (22) |
| 85 or older, % (n) | 13.4 (24) | 2.4 (1) | 10.7 (6) | 18.6 (8) | 23.7 (9) |
| Race, % (n) | |||||
| White | 95.5 (171) | 95.2 (40) | 96.4 (54) | 93.0 (40) | 97.4 (37) |
| Other | 4.5 (8) | 4.8 (2) | 3.6 (2) | 7.0 (3) | 2.6 (1) |
| Years of schooling completed, mean (SD) | 14.37 (3.1) | 14.83 (3.5) | 14.64 (3.3) | 14.40 (2.8) | 13.42 (2.7) |
| <12, % (n) | 9.5 (17) | 9.5 (4) | 12.5 (7) | 7.0 (3) | 7.9 (3) |
| 12, % (n) | 33.5 (60) | 31.0 (13) | 26.8 (15) | 32.6 (14) | 47.4 (18) |
| 13-15, % (n) | 15.6 (28) | 9.5 (4) | 14.3 (8) | 23.3 (10) | 15.8 (6) |
| >=16, % (n) | 41.3 (74) | 50.0 (21) | 46.4 (26) | 37.2 (16) | 28.9 (11) |
| BDRS, mean (SD)*** | 3.50 (2.1) | 1.69 (1.1) | 2.91 (1.1) | 4.05 (1.5) | 5.75 (2.3) |
| MMSE, mean (SD)*** | 22.12 (3.6) | 23.55 (3.2) | 22.64 (4.0) | 21.33 (3.6) | 20.68 (2.6) |
| Behavioral problems, % (n)** | 41.6 (74) | 21.4 (9) | 43.6 (24) | 48.8 (21) | 52.6 (20) |
| EPS, % (n)*** | 14.5 (25) | 10.0 (4) | 3.6 (2) | 9.8 (4) | 40.5 (15) |
| Depressive symptoms, % (n) | 20.5 (36) | 11.9 (5) | 27.8 (15) | 16.3 (7) | 24.3 (9) |
| Psychotic symptoms, % (n)** | 30.2 (54) | 11.9 (5) | 30.4 (17) | 32.6 (14) | 47.4 (18) |
| Number of comorbidities, mean (SD)** | 0.78 (0.9) | 0.48 (0.8) | 0.71 (0.9) | 0.95 (1.0) | 1.03 (0.9) |
| 0, % (n)*** | 47.8 (85) | 69.0 (29) | 53.6 (30) | 34.9 (15) | 29.7 (11) |
| 1, % (n) | 34.3 (61) | 19.0 (8) | 26.8 (15) | 48.8 (21) | 45.9 (17) |
| 2+, % (n) | 18.0 (32) | 11.9 (5) | 19.6 (11) | 16.3 (7) | 24.3 (9) |
| Utilization of direct medical care | |||||
| Number of hospitalizations, mean (SD) | 0.32 (0.6) | 0.19 (0.5) | 0.32 (0.6) | 0.42 (0.5) | 0.34 (0.6) |
| Number of outpatient treatments/procedures, mean (SD) ** | 2.02 (2.1) | 1.31 (1.4) | 1.88 (2.0) | 2.40 (2.2) | 2.61 (2.4) |
| Number of assistive devices, mean (SD) *** | 1.19 (1.1) | 0.93 (0.7) | 0.86 (0.6) | 1.51 (1.3) | 1.61 (1.4) |
| Number of medications, mean (SD) | 3.79 (1.5) | 3.50 (1.5) | 3.98 (1.3) | 3.70 (1.4) | 3.92 (1.9) |
| Informal caregiving hours per week, mean (SD) ** | 20.70 (24.0) | 14.09 (25.6) | 17.11 (21.6) | 27.75 (24.2) | 25.38 (23.3) |
*
: Differences between quartiles of Dependence Scale significant at p<0.10,
**
:Differences between quartiles of Dependence Scale significant at p<0.05,
***
: Differences between quartiles of Dependence Scale significant at p<0.01.
DS=Dependence Scale (range=0-15); BDRS=Blessed Dementia Rating Scale (range=0-17); MMSE=Mini-Mental State Examination (range=0-30); EPS=Extrapyramidal signs.