Table 2. Generalized Linear Models of Direct Medical Costs and Informal Costs at Baseline.
| Total Costs | Medical Costsa | Informal Costsb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dependence Scale (DS) | 1,832 ** | 298 | 1,690 ** |
| (916) | (408) | (749) | |
| Blessed Dementia Rating Scale (BDRS) | 3,333 ** | 1,406 ** | 1,941 |
| (1,698) | (712) | (1,458) | |
| Age younger then 65 (1=yes, 0=no) | -5,751 | -5,323 ** | -1,322 |
| (6,055) | (2,641) | (5,058) | |
| Women (1=yes, 0=no) | 887 | -1,214 | 1,965 |
| (3,794) | (1,613) | (3,197) | |
| Site (reference=Columbia) | |||
| Johns Hopkins | -3,611 | -2,276 | -1,784 |
| (4,551) | (1,927) | (3,835) | |
| Massachusetts General | -12,902 ** | -1,316 | -12,074 *** |
| (4,471) | (1,959) | (3,754) | |
| Constant | 50,305 *** | 8,942 *** | 23,515 *** |
| (5,457) | (2,368) | (4,519) | |
| Log likelihood | -2118.66 | -1907.99 | -2038.94 |
| Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) | 22.38 | 20.19 | 21.54 |
| Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) | -809.44 | -795.75 | -870.14 |
a
Direct medical costs included costs of hospitalization, outpatient treatment/procedures, assistive devices, and medications, with prices obtained from public databases.
b
Informal costs were estimated by costs of informal caregiving time for basic and instrumental activities of daily living obtained from up to three caregivers for each patient. National average hourly earning for all private industries was used as the hourly wage rate to estimate informal caregiving costs.
*
: p<0.10,
**
: p<0.05,
***
: p<0.01