As expected, the metabolic syndrome was associated with a higher odds ratio for cardiovascular disease. In agreement with our earlier studies, high ox-LDL was associated with a higher prevalence. The highest prevalence was observed in persons with the metabolic syndrome and high ox-LDL. In the left panel, absolute levels of ox-LDL (expressed in mg/dl) were used. In the right panel, the ox-LDL-to-LDL-cholesterol ratios were used. Data are from the Health ABC study [56].
CVD: Cardiovascular disease; MS: Metabolic syndrome; OR: Odds ratio; ox-LDL: Oxidized LDL.