Table 1.
Patients Age 40–49 Years (n = 28) | Patients Age 50–59 Years (n = 28) | Patients Age 60–70 Years (n = 14) | F, χ2, or t | p | Significant Pairwise Differences | |
Age (years) | 45.3 (3.3) | 53.8 (2.8) | 64.6 (4.0) | n/a | ||
Education (years) | 11.6 (2.8) | 12.2 (2.4) | 12.1 (3.7) | F2,67 = 0.37 | .691a | |
Gender (% women) | 46.4% | 46.4% | 63.4% | χ2[2] = 1.43 | .490 | |
Ethnic Background | χ2[8] = 5.80 | .671 | ||||
Caucasian | 50.0% | 71.4% | 64.3% | |||
African American | 25.0% | 21.4% | 21.4% | |||
Latino | 10.7% | 7.1% | 7.1% | |||
Asian American | 10.7% | 0.0% | 7.1% | |||
Other | 3.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |||
Age of Onset | 23.0 (8.8) | 26.7 (10.3) | 41.2 (14.4) | F2,60 = 12.50 | < .001 | 60–69 year olds > 40–49 and 50–59 year olds |
PANSS | ||||||
Positive subscale total | 15.6 (6.2) | 14.9 (5.7) | 15.4 (5.8) | F2,65 = 0.12 | .890 | |
Negative subscale total | 14.6 (6.4) | 13.1 (5.4) | 13.5 (5.9) | F2,65 = 0.48 | 624 | |
General subscale total | 28.4 (8.0) | 26.4 (7.5) | 32.2 (8.7) | F2,65 = 2.51 | .089 | |
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale | 9.0 (5.8) | 7.4 (4.4) | 11.3 (7.1) | F2,64 = 2.23 | .116 | |
Birchwood Insight Scale Total | 8.4 (2.3) | 8.1 (3.0) | 8.5 (3.7) | F2,67 = 0.08 | .923 | |
Mean Neuropsychological z-score | 0.06 (0.79) | 0.12 (0.59) | –0.21 (0.65) | F2,52 = 0.75 | .476 | |
MacCAT-CR* | ||||||
Understanding (range 0 to 26) | ||||||
Trial 1 | 15.9 (5.7) | 18.3 (5.8) | 14.9 (7.2) | χ2[2] = 3.60 | .166 | |
Trial 2 | 21.8 (4.7) | 22.5 (5.6) | 19.3 (7.4) | χ 2[2] = 2.33 | .312 | |
Trial 3 | 23.8 (3.4) | 23.8 (5.0) | 20.6 (6.5) | χ 2[2] = 3.43 | .180 | |
Appreciation (range 0 to 6) | 4.8 (1.7) | 5.0 (1.6) | 3.9 (1.9) | χ 2[2] = 4.17 | .124 | |
Reasoning (range 0 to 8) | 7.1 (1.7) | 7.3 (1.3) | 6.1 (2.9) | χ 2[2] = 1.47 | .478 | |
Expression of a Choice (range 0 to 2) | 1.9 (0.4) | 1.9 (0.3) | 1.7 (0.7) | χ 2[2] = 0.88 | .644 |
Note: PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; MacCAT-CR = MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research; n/a = not available.
The significance values for education, gender, and ethnicity are not fully meaningful as these variables were considered when selecting subjects for inclusion in the younger age groups.
Due to skewed distributions, Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare groups on MacCAT-CR scores.