Table 2.

Examples Illustrating Differences in Ethical Codes

	Example Studies
Document	Placebo for Cognition Allowed?	Placebo for Psychosis Allowed?	Symptom Provocation Allowed?
Nuremberg Code	Yes	Yes	Yes
Declaration of Helsinki	Yes	No—known treatments exist	No—study not intended to treat, prophylax, or diagnose
Belmont Report	Yes	Yes	Yes
Common Rule	Yes	Yes	Yes
Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences Guidelines	Yes	No—known treatments exist	Yes
International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use “Guideline for Good Clinical Practice”	Yes	Yes	N/A