Table 2.

Study Design and Treatment Comparison Components

Study	N	Design	Treatment Comparison	Maximum Time Off Medications	Length of Follow-Up
Wirt and Simon 195919	39	Random	Placebo vs Medications in the Hospital	30 days	1 year
Schooler et al. 196721	(254)	Random	Placebo vs Medications in the Hospital	6 weeks	1 year
May et al. 1976a, 1976b, 198120,30,31; Wyatt, Green, and Tuma 199726	22–225	Random	Psychotherapy, Hospital Milieu, vs Medications, Medications plus Psychotherapy	6–12 months	3–7 years
Rappaport et al. 197818	80	Random	Hospital Milieu vs Medications in the Hospital	45 days	3 years
Bola and Mosher 200325	106–129	Quasi-Experimental	Therapeutic Milieu vs Medications in the Hospital	6 weeks	2 years
Ciompi et al. 1992, 199323,34	44	Quasi-Experimental	Therapeutic Milieu vs Medications in the Hospital	6 weeks	2 years
Lehtinen et al. 200024	106	Quasi-Experimental	Family Intervention vs Family Intervention plus Medications	3 weeks	2 years