Table 4.
Neurocognitive Domain and Individual Test Scores Among High-Risk and Community Control (n = 84) Groups
| Domaina/Individual Test Variableb | HR-SCZ (1) |
HR-AFF (2) |
CC (3) |
Pairwise Comparisonsc |
||||||||
| n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | 1–2 | dd | 1–3 | dd | 2–3 | dd | |
| Verbal Ability | 73 | −.64 (.77) | 18 | −.51 (1.24) | 84 | 0.0 (.91) | .661 | .09 | <.001 | .73 | .015 | .64 |
| WRAT-3 Reading SS | 73 | 99.5 (11.4) | 18 | 101.9 (17.5) | 84 | 107.2 (11.6) | .602 | .14 | <.001 | .57 | .102 | .44 |
| Vocabulary ScS | 73 | 9.2 (2.6) | 18 | 9.4 (3.7) | 83 | 11.3 (3.5) | .841 | .02 | <.001 | .73 | .005 | .73 |
| Visual-Spatial | 73 | −.22 (.66) | 18 | −.19 (1.03) | 84 | 0.0 (1.00) | .961 | .02 | .179 | .22 | .421 | .24 |
| Block Design ScS | 72 | 9.4 (2.4) | 18 | 9.4 (3.6) | 83 | 10.1 (3.5) | .961 | .02 | .179 | .22 | .421 | .24 |
| Verbal Memory | 73 | −.24 (.97) | 18 | .04 (.93) | 84 | −.001 (1.00) | .321 | .28 | .067 | .27 | .978 | .01 |
| Story Recall Percentage | 72 | .47 (.13) | 18 | .50 (.13) | 84 | .50 (.13) | .321 | .28 | .067 | .26 | .978 | .01 |
| Executive Functioning/Working Memory | 73 | −.31 (.64) | 18 | −.09 (.64) | 84 | 0.0 (.74) | .207 | .31 | .006 | .47 | .540 | .16 |
| COWA Raw Score | 73 | 34.2 (10.8) | 18 | 35.2 (11.5) | 84 | 37.4 (10.9) | .780 | .08 | .034 | .37 | .271 | .29 |
| Digit Span ScS | 73 | 10.3 (2.9) | 18 | 9.6 (2.2) | 82 | 11.0 (3.4) | .326 | .25 | .158 | .22 | .047 | .47 |
| Coding/Digit Symbol ScS | 72 | 9.2 (2.9) | 18 | 11.5 (2.9) | 82 | 10.0 (3.0) | .004 | .79 | .067 | .29 | .063 | .51 |
| TMT-B (sec) | 73 | 65.9 (25.0) | 18 | 60.3 (31.7) | 83 | 58.8 (36.3) | .558 | .12 | .347 | .13 | .831 | .01 |
| Motor | 73 | .02 (.85) | 18 | −.04 (1.13) | 84 | .01 (.72) | .967 | .10 | .844 | .03 | .643 | .07 |
| Grooved Pegboard R (sec) | 69 | 71.7 (17.7) | 18 | 73.2 (17.9) | 79 | 70.6 (13.5) | .847 | .13 | .709 | .06 | .395 | .19 |
| Grooved Pegboard L (sec) | 69 | 78.3 (19.1) | 18 | 75.2 (19.4) | 79 | 78.7 (16.8) | .556 | .15 | .603 | .10 | .415 | .24 |
| TMT-A (sec) | 73 | 27.2 (8.5) | 18 | 27.5 (12.9) | 83 | 27.6 (12.4) | .568 | .08 | .312 | .15 | .643 | .06 |
| Sustained Attention | 73 | −.0007 (.76) | 18 | .22 (.79) | 84 | 0.0 (.92) | .296 | .30 | .668 | .08 | .534 | .21 |
| CPT-IP Digits d' | 66 | 1.6 (.92) | 18 | 1.8 (.76) | 77 | 1.6 (1.01) | .473 | .20 | .706 | .09 | .641 | .11 |
| CPT-IP Shapes d' | 66 | 1.7 (.83) | 18 | 1.9 (.90) | 79 | 1.7 (.97) | .271 | .33 | .674 | .08 | .490 | .25 |
Note: HR-SCZ = genetic high-risk for schizophrenia; HR-AFF = genetic high-risk for affective psychosis; CC = community controls.
Neurocognitive domain scores are z-scores.
Individual test scores reflect the actual number of subjects prior to the imputation of missing data. WRAT-3 score is a standard score (SS); subtests of the WISC-III/WAIS-R/WAIS-III (Vocabulary, Block Design, Coding/Digit Symbol) are (age-corrected) scaled scores (ScS); Story Recall Percentage is the percentage of units recalled on immediate recall condition for CMS Stories/WMS-R and WMS-III Logical Memory I; COWA (Controlled Oral Word Association test) is a raw score (total words generated); Grooved Pegboard and TMT raw scores are in seconds; CPT-IP values are d'.
1–2 = HR-SCZ vs HR-AFF; 1–3 = HR-SCZ vs CC; 2–3 = HR-AFF vs CC, controlling for subject age, mean parental education, and correlated data in a mixed model; statistically significant comparisons (p < .05) are in boldface.
d = Cohen's d based on least squared means, controlling for subject age and mean parental education.