. 2007 Oct 17;34(1):18–29. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbm110

Table 1.

Studies of Temporal Lobe Structures, Neurochemicals, or Microstructure in Children and Adolescents With Schizophrenia

Studies	n Scz/Ctrls	Mean Age (Range)	Imaging Modality	Approach	Findings
Jacobsen et al⁶⁹	21/41	14.6 y	Structural	ROI	Patients lacked the typical right greater than left asymmetry of the hippocampus. No volume difference in hippocampal or amygdala volume between patients and controls.
Bertolino et al⁷⁰	14/14	16.4 y	Structural	H-MRSA	Patients had decreased NAA/creatine ratios in the hippocampal regions bilaterally.
Jacobsen et al⁷¹	10/17	15.2–17.4	Structural	ROI	Patients demonstrated decreases greater than controls in the superior temporal gyrus and in the left hippocampus.
Giedd et al⁶²	42/74	14.4 y	Structural	ROI	Patients had a nonlinear decline in hippocampal volume compared with controls. The decline reached a plateau as the children reached early adulthood.
Friedman et al⁷²	20/16		Structural	ROI	Patients demonstrated increased CSF in the sulci of the temporal lobes, implicating smaller temporal lobe volume and gray matter loss.
Kumra et al⁷³	44/64	14.4 y	Structural	ROI	No difference in temporal lobe volumes between patients and controls with schizophrenia
Levitt et al⁷⁴	13/20	14.2 y (8.6–20)	Structural	ROI	Patients had significantly larger amygdala volumes compared with controls. No difference in hippocampal volumes.
Thompson et al²³	12/12	13.9 y	Structural	Voxel based	Patients had like a longitudinal loss of gray matter loss that started in the parietal lobes and moved into the medial temporal lobes with age.
White et al⁷⁵	42/24	17.7 y (12–19)	Structural	Surface based	Patients had a decrease in cortical thickness in both the gyral and sulcal regions of the temporal lobe.
Marquardt et al⁷⁶	13/18	12.0 y (6–17)	Structural	ROI	Patients had an age-related decrease in the volume of the anterior cingulate. The patients also had differences in lateralization.
Kumra et al⁷⁷	26/34	15.2 y	DTI	Voxel based	Patients had a decrease in FA of the left anterior cingulate.
Vidal et al²⁴	12/12	14.1 y	Structural	Surface based	Patients had a decrease in gray matter in the cingulate cortex, with relative sparing of the limbic system.
White et al⁷⁸	15/15	15.2 y (9–19)	DTI	Voxel based	Patients had a decrease in FA in the left posterior hippocampus.
Nugent et al⁶³	29/31	14.6–24.4	Structural	ROI	Patients had an approximate 9% decrease in hippocampal volume and also underwent different morphological changes over time.
Kendi et al (submitted)	15/15	15.2 y (9–19)	Structural and DTI	ROI	Patients had a smaller fornix volume without differences in FA or AD.

Note: Scz/Ctrls, schizophrenic patient/control; ROI, region of interest; H-MRSA, hydrogen magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging; NAA, N-acetylaspartate; CSF, cerebral spinal fluid; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; FA, fractional anisotropy; AD, average or mean diffusivity.