Table 2.

Study Characteristics

Study	Inclusion Criteria	Exclusion Criteria	Sample Size	Outcomes
Soteria USA (2 cohorts): Mosher et al13; Mosher14; Mosher and Menn15; Mosher and Menn16; Mosher and Menn17; Mosher and Menn18; Mathews et al19; Mosher 20; Mosher et al21; Mosher22; Bola23 Bola and Mosher24; Bola and Mosher.25	DSM-II criteria for schizophrenia.	Not reported	Cohort 1: 79	2-y follow-up:
				1. Readmission to 24 h care.
				2. Number of readmissions
				3. Days in readmission
	Deemed in need of hospitalization			4. Global psychopathology scale (Mosher et al30)
	4 of 7 Bleulerian diagnostic symptoms.			5. Global improvement scale (Mosher et al30)
	Not more than 1 previous hospitalization for 30 d or less.		Cohort 2: 100	6. Living independently with peers.
	Age: 15–32			7. Ordinal measure of working
	Marital status: single			8. Functioning subscale of the Brief Follow-up Rating (Sokis 31)
Soteria Bern: Ciompi et al10; Ciompi26; Ciompi and Bernascomi27; Ciompi et al28; Ciompi et al29;	Age 17–35	Drug or alcohol dependency	Treatment: 22	2-y follow-up:
				1. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
				2. Housing situation
				3. Job situation
				4. Global outcome, 1, 2, and 3 combined
				5. Global autonomy
	DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia or schizophreniform psychosis.			6. Relapse rate
	At least 2 of 6 symptoms over previous 4 weeks (delusion, hallucinations, though disorder, catatonia, schizophrenic disorders of affect, severely deviant social behavior)	Not compliant with treatment	Control: 22	7. Average medication dose