Table 3.

Studies Reporting on Anatomical Changes in Other Structures Longitudinally in People at a Prodromal Stage of Schizophrenia, With a First Episode of Schizophrenia or Diagnosed With Chronic Schizophrenia

Study	Scanner	No. of Patients	No. of Controls	Stage of Illness at Baseline	Years of Follow-up	Findings
DeLisi et al. (1991, 1992, 1995, 1997, 2004)44–48	MRI	50	20	First-episode schizophrenia	4–5	Decreased hemispheric volume bilateral
		26	10		10	No change in STG
Gur et al. (1998)62	MRI	20	17	First-episode schizophrenia	2–3	aFrontal lobe decreased. No change in temporal lobe
Jacobsen et al. (1998)63 Thompson et al. (2001)64 Keller et al. (2003)65 Sporn et al. (2003)66	MRI	16	24	Chronic childhood schizophrenia	1.5–4	Decreased hemispheric volume, temporal lobe, STG, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum
Mathalon et al. (2001)57	MRI	24	25	Chronic schizophrenia	0.7–7.5	Whole brain gray matter and STG decreased bilaterally
Puri et al. (2001)67
Wood et al. (2001)68	MRI	30	26	First-episode schizophrenia	0.5–4.2	Whole brain volume, decreased bilaterally, no change in hippocampus or temporal lobe
Cahn et al. (2002)59	MRI	34	36	First-episode schizophrenia	1	bWhole brain gray matter decreased
Ho et al. (2003)61	MRI	73	23	First-episode schizophrenia	5	Frontal white matter decreased
Kasai et al. (2003)69	MRI	13	14	First-episode schizophrenia	1.5	Decreased left STG and planum temporale
Lawrie et al. (2002)70, Job et al. (2005)71	MRI	19 psychotic at 2 year	49 non-psychotic at 2 years	Prodromal cases	2	cDecr R temporal R/L STG, L cingulate, LR uncinate, L fusiform, L uncus, LR PHG, R amygdala
Pantelis et al. (2003)72	MRI	10 psychotic	11 non-psychotic	Prodromal cases	1	cDecr L PHG, L fusiform, L orbitofrontal, L cerebellum, Cingulate bilateral, L Temporal
Whitford et al. (2006)73	MRI	25	26	First-episode schizophrenia	2–3	Gray matter reductions: parietal and temporal

Note: MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; STG, superior temporal gyrus; R, right; R/L, right and left; PHG, parahippocampal gyrus.

^aAssociated with good outcome.

^bAssociated with poor outcome.

^cNo change in ventricles, unpublished communication.