Table 1.

Studies of the Frequency of Childhood Trauma in Groups With Psychosis

		Method of Assessment		% of Sample With
		1. Psychosis Diagnosis
Study	N	2. Trauma	Sample	CT	CSA	CPA
Beck and van der Kolk11	26	1. Patient file audit	Inpatient women with chronic psychosis	—	46	—
		2. Patient file audit
Goff et al12	61	1. SCID	Outpatients with chronic psychosis	44 (w: 48, m: 42)	—	—
		2. LEQ
Greenfield et al13	38	1. SCID	Inpatients with first-episode psychosis	53	29	45
		2. LEQ
Ross et al14	83	1. DIS	Inpatients with schizophrenia	45 (w: 43, m: 53)	25 (w: 42, m: 16)	31 (w: 42, m: 47)
		2. DDIS
Trojan15	96	1. Not reported	Inpatients with schizophrenia or “manic-depressive psychosis”	—	26 (w: 27, m: 24)	—
		2. Authors' questionnaire
Darves-Bornoz et al16	64	1. Not reported	Inpatient women with schizophrenia	—	36	—
		2. Authors' interview
Heads et al17	102	1. Patient file audit	Inpatients with severe schizophrenia with a history of violence	—	20 (w: 49, m: 6)	36 (w: 52, m: 28)
		2. Patient file audit
Lysaker et al18	54	1. SCID	Outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder	—	35	—
		2. CSTQ
Neria et al19	426	1. SCID	First-episode psychosis	32 (w: 44, m: 24)	—	—
		2. Consensus from research and clinical interviews
Scheller-Gilkey et al20	40	1. SCID	Outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder	53	—	—
		2. CTES
Shaw et al21	45	1. CIDI	Inpatients with acute psychosis	—	—	13
		2. Authors' interview
Gearon et al22	54	1. SCID	Outpatient women with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder	—	61	48
		2. TLEQ
Offen et al23	26	1. Not reported	Outpatients with psychotic disorders with hallucinations	—	35 (w: 71, m: 26)	—
		2. Authors' questionnaire
Resnick et al24	47	1. SCID	Outpatients with schizophrenia	—	36 (w: 47, m: 18)	—
		2. THQ-R
Compton et al25	18	1. SCID	Inpatients with first-episode psychosis	—	50	61
		2. CTQ-SF
Lysaker et al26	37	1. SCID	Outpatient men with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder	—	38	—
		2. CAQ
Braehler et al27	14	1. Not reported	Outpatients with schizophrenia	50	—	—
		2. CTQ
Hardy et al28	75	1. Not reported	Inpatients and outpatients with nonaffective psychosis	—	18	—
		2. THQ
Hlastala and McClellan29	75	1. SCID	Inpatients and outpatients with early-onset psychosis	62	—	—
		2. SCID and DICA-R
Kilcommons and Morrison30	32	1. Not reported	Outpatients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder	—	13	10
		2. THQ
Lysaker et al31	65	1. SCID	Outpatient men with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder	—	28	—
		2. CEQ
Lysaker et al32	30	1. SCID	Outpatient men with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder	—	40	—
		2. CAQ
Neria et al33	109	1. SCID	Inpatients with first-episode bipolar disorder with psychosis	28	—	—
		2. CIDI
Schenkel et al34	40	1. Authors' interview	Inpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder	45	—	—
		2. Patient file audit
Kim et al35	100	1. Not reported	Inpatient women with schizophrenia	—	37	34
		2. Authors' interview
Schafer et al36	30	1. SCID	Inpatient women with psychosis	73	37	—
		2. CTQ

Note: CT, childhood trauma; CSA, child sexual abuse; CPA, child physical abuse; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; LEQ, Life Experiences Questionnaire; DIS, Diagnostic Interview Schedule; DDIS, Dissociative Disorders Interview Scale; CSTQ, Childhood Sexual Trauma Questionnaire; CTES, Childhood Traumatic Events Scale; CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview; TLEQ, Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire; THQ-R, Trauma History Questionnaire-Revised; CTQ-SF, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form; CAQ, Childhood Abuse Questionnaire; CTQ, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; THQ, Trauma History Questionnaire; DICA-R, Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised; CEQ, Childhood Experiences Questionnaire; m, men; w, women.