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. 2008 Jun 25;34(5):819–834. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbn071

Table 1.

Summary of Expression Studies Included in the Review

Citation n's sz/hc/op % Male sz/hc/op Study Type Stimuli/Situation Expression Measure Results Sex Differences
Aghevli50 33 sz/15 hc 100 Elicit Social int Coded face sz < hc n/a
Berenbaum42 43 sz/20 hc/17 op 51/50/35 Elicit Films, tastes Coded face sz < hc Unk
Blanchard51 91 sz/91 rel 74; 14 Elicit Social int Coded int sz < rel positive; sz = rel negative; sz > disengagement None
Borod52 6 sz/5 op/6 pd; 4 hc 100/80/67; 100 Elicit Faces Coded face; coded voice sz < hc, pd,op Unk
Brown59 6 sz/5 op 17/0 Naturalistic Inpatient Coded face sz > op Unk
Davison60 21 sz/30 op 67/unk Elicit Interview Coded behavior sz < op (eye contact) None
Earnst43 19 deficit sz; 22 nondeficit sz; 20 hc 100; 100; 100 Elicit Films Coded face deficit sz < non def sz, hc n/a
Gaebel53 32 acute sz; 36 remit sz; 23 op/21 hc 66; 53; 52/71 Elicit Interview Coded face acute sz, remit sz, op < hc Unk
Henry44 29 sz/30 hc 45/53 Elicit Films Coded face sz = hc suppress, express; sz < hc amplify Unk
Krause54 10 sz/10 hc 100/100 Elicit Social int Coded face sz < hc n/a
Kring46 20 sz/20 hc 100/100 Elicit Films Coded face sz < hc n/a
Kring47 23 sz/20 hc 100/100 Elicit Films Coded face sz < hc n/a
Kring 199945 15 sz/15 hc 100/100 Elicit Films Coded face sz < hc n/a
Kring 199966 15 sz/15 hc 100/100 Elicit Faces EMG sz = hc zygomatic; sz > hc corrugator n/a
Kring 200365 15 sz/15 hc 100/100 Elicit Films EMG sz = hc zygomatic; sz > hc corrugator n/a
Levin58 23 sz/8 hc/7 op 100/100/100 Elicit Narratives Coded voice sz < hc n/a
Martin56 20 sz/21 hc/19 op Unk/unk/unk Elicit Narratives Coded face sz < hc Unk
Mattes48 20 sz/20 hc Unk/unk Elicit Films, interview EMG sz < hc zygomatic; sz = hc corrugator film; sz > hc corrugator interview Unk
Salem 199949 15 sz/17 hc 100/100 Elicit Films, interview Coded face sz < hc n/a
Tremeau57 58 sz/25 hc/25 op 64/44/40 Elicit Narrative Coded face sz < hc w > m
Walker61 32 sz/31sibs 78/unk Naturalistic Home movies Coded face sz girls < sibs joy; > sibs negative; sz boys = sibs joy; >sibs negative
Wolf67 15 sz/19 hc 60/63 Elicit Positive pictures EMG sz < hc zygomatic Unk
Wolf68 32 sz/21 hc 50/33 Elicit Positive pictures EMG sz < hc zygomatic Unk

Note: Only first author of multiauthor study is listed under citation; sz = schizophrenia or schizoaffective; hc = healthy control; op = other patient group; pd = Parkinson disease; rel = relatives; int = interaction; unk = unknown; w = women; m = men; EMG = electromyography; n/a = not applicable.