Table 2.

Studies of Gene-Urbanicity Interactions

Study	Country	Measure Genetic risk	Measure Urbanicity	Psychosis Outcome	Rate Unexposeda	Rate Eb	Rate Gc	Rate GEd
Van Os et al119	Netherlands	Family history psychosis	Population density—dichotomous	Psychotic disorder	0.85%	1.59%	3.01%	9.72%
Van Os et al135	Denmark	Family history psychotic disorder	Five categories from capital city to rural area—5 levels	Psychotic disorder	Summary increase in incidence associated with urbanicity in individuals without family history: 0.054%		Summary increase in incidence associated with urbanicity in individuals with family history: 0.22%
Spauwen et al106	Germany	Psychometric psychosis liability	City of Munich vs surrounding villages—dichotomous	Psychotic symptoms	14.2%	12.1%	14.9%	29%
Weiser et al136	Israel	Cognitive impairment endophenotype	Population density—5 levels	Psychotic disorder	Summary increase in incidence associated with urbanicity in cognitively nonvulnerable group: 0.011%		Summary increase in incidence associated with urbanicity in cognitively vulnerable group: 0.10%

^aRate unexposed refers to those exposed to neither urbanicity nor genetic risk.

^bRate E refers to those exposed to urbanicity only.

^cRate G refers to those exposed to genetic risk only.

^dRate EG refers to those exposed to both urbanicity and genetic risk.