Table 2.
Significant Associations of Genes Involved in Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Neuronal Processes With Response to Psychotropic Medications
| Gene | Reported Association | OR | References |
| ADRA1A | Associated with antipsychotic-induced side effects | 0.49–0.7 | 105 |
| ADRA2A | Associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain | 2.5–4.2 | 106,107 |
| BDNF | Associated with antipsychotic response | 2.6 | 110 |
| Associated with orofacial tardive dyskinesia and EPS | n/a | 112,113 | |
| Associated with remission after antidepressant treatment | 2.95 | 111 | |
| COMT | Associated with working memory improvement and antipsychotic response | 3.9 | 115–118 |
| Associated with risk of tardive dyskinesia | 0.24–0.63 | 57,114 | |
| CYP1A2 | Associated with antipsychotic-induced side effects | 1.9 | 58,63,64 |
| Associated with delay or lack in response to antipsychotic treatment | n/a | 66,67 | |
| CYP2D6 | Associated with drug-induced side effects and dose requirements | 1.6–4.4 | 58–61,169,170 |
| Associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain | n/a | 62 | |
| DAT1 | Associated with response to ADHD medication | 1.7–2.6 | 159 |
| D2 | Associated with antipsychotic response | 2.6–6.7 | 56,79–84 |
| Associated with antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia | 1.3–2.1 | 57,69 | |
| Associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome | 2.3–10.5 | 171,172 | |
| D3 | Associated with level of response and improvement in positive symptoms with antipsychotics | 1.4-4.7 | 72–74,76–78,85 |
| Associated with antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia | 1.17–3.15 | 70,71 | |
| D4 | Associated with antipsychotic response | 2.63 | 173–175 |
| GABA | Associated with drug-induced tardive dyskinesia | 1.38–2.38 | 104 |
| GNB 3 | Associated with antipsychotic treatment | n/a | 134 |
| Associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain | n/a | 137 | |
| GRM3 | Associated with negative after treatment | n/a | 103 |
| GSTM1 | Associated with tardive dyskinesia | 1.7 | 68 |
| 5-HT1A | Improvement in negative symptoms | n/a | 68 |
| 5-HT2A | Response to antipsychotic treatment | 1.6–5.7 | 86–88 |
| Response to antidepressant treatment | n/a | 89,90 | |
| Associated with antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia | 1.5–5.3 | 92 | |
| 5-HT2C | Associated with antipsychotic response | 6.4 | 73,101,176 |
| Associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain | n/a | 95,96 | |
| Associated with antipsychotic-induced EPS and tardive dyskinesia | 2.1–3.2 | 176,178 | |
| 5-HT6 | Associated with clozapine and risperidone response | n/a | 49,179 |
| 5-HTT | Associated with antidepressant response | 0.53 | 97,98 |
| Associated with antidepressant side-effects | 0.67 | 99 | |
| Associated with antipsychotic response | 2.61 | 100,101 | |
| Leptin | Associated with antipsychotic induced weight gain | 3.68 | 96,128 |
| MDR1 | Associated with antipsychotic treatment | n/a | 119,121,123 |
| Associated with response to antidepressant medications | 7 | 120,122 | |
| MnSOD | Associated with drug-induced tardive dyskinesia | 0.37–0.49 | 57 |
| NET | Associated with antidepressant response | 2.10 | 138 |
| NOS3 | Associated with tardive dyskinesia | 0.65 | 129 |
| NQ01 | Associated with tardive dyskinesia | 2.2 | 130,131 |
| NRG1 | Associated with antipsychotic response | 3.2 | 132 |
| RGS2 | Associated with antipsychotic-induced side-effects | 3.44 | 125,126 |
| RGS4 | Association with antipsychotic response | n/a | 124,127 |
| SNAP25 | Associated with weight gain | n/a | 133,135 |
| TNF-α | Associated with antipsychotic response | n/a | 139 |
| Associated with risk of agranulocytosis | n/a |
Note: *OR = odds ratio (average range of odds ratios); BDNF = brain-derived neurotrophic factor; EPS = extrapyramidal side effects; COMT = catechol-O-methyltransferase; n/a = odds ratios values not available; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor alpha. ORs are given when mentioned in the original article of when the reported data allow for their calculation.