Table 3.
Effect Sizes (ESs) Within the Integrated Psychological Therapy (IPT) Group, Placebo-Attention Condition, and Standard Care: Global Therapy Effect, Functioning Domains, and Measures
| IPT
|
Placebo Attention Condition
|
Standard Care
|
||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | N | ES | ESw (95% CI) | Z | QW | K | N | ES | ESw (95% CI) | Z | QW | K | N | ES | ESw (95% CI) | Z | QW | |
| Global therapy effect | ||||||||||||||||||
| Treatment phase | 27 | 710 | .55 | .51 (.40 to .61) | 9.40** | 10.99 | 10 | 202 | .21 | .24 (.04 to .44) | 2.40* | 1.79 | 12 | 160 | .10 | .13 (−.09 to .35) | 1.12 | 4.21 |
| Treatment and follow-up phase | 8 | 253 | .65 | .57 (.39 to .74) | 6.23** | 6.27 | 2 | 36 | .16 | .15 (−.31 to .62) | 0.65 | 0.00 | 3 | 38 | −.12 | −.07 (−.52 to .38) | −0.30 | 1.94 |
| Follow-up: M = 8.1 mo | ||||||||||||||||||
| Functional impairments and symptom dimensions | ||||||||||||||||||
| Neurocognition | 23 | 633 | .61 | .54 (.43 to .65) | 9.41** | 18.05 | 10 | 202 | .18 | .17 (−.02 to .37) | 1.73 | 4.06 | 9 | 119 | .15 | .20 (−.05 to .46) | 1.55 | 2.77 |
| Psychosocial functioning | 19 | 530 | .43 | .41 (.29 to .54) | 6.65** | 9.59 | 4 | 96 | .17 | .28 (−.01 to .56) | 1.91 | 1.32 | 9 | 133 | −.01 | −.01 (−.25 to .24) | −0.04 | 3.10 |
| Psychopathology | 23 | 638 | .58 | .50 (.39 to .61) | 8.74** | 15.96 | 7 | 160 | .29 | .33 (.11 to .55) | 2.94** | 1.22 | 10 | 145 | .18 | .21 (−.02 to .44) | 1.75 | 5.39 |
| Positive symptoms | 16 | 424 | .42 | .46 (.32 to .60) | 6.60** | 5.94 | 5 | 139 | .29 | .33 (.09 to .56) | 2.70** | 1.05 | 8 | 122 | .15 | .19 (−.07 to .44) | 1.45 | 2.94 |
| Negative symptoms | 10 | 277 | .46 | .41 (.24 to .57) | 4.75** | 11.15 | 4 | 109 | .21 | .25 (−.02 to .51) | 1.80 | 2.27 | 3 | 38 | .11 | .04 (−.41 to .49) | 0.16 | 0.88 |
| Assessment formats | ||||||||||||||||||
| Self-ratings | 18 | 498 | .55 | .51 (.38 to .64) | 7.92** | 9.58 | 4 | 79 | .30 | .32 (.01 to .63) | 1.99* | 1.52 | 7 | 96 | .10 | .08 (−.20 to .37) | 0.56 | 3.87 |
| Expert ratings | 21 | 543 | .50 | .48 (.36 to .60) | 7.74** | 14.70 | 6 | 124 | .24 | .30 (−.05 to .55) | 2.35* | 0.69 | 11 | 155 | .15 | .15 (−.07 to .38) | 1.35 | 11.65 |
| Psychological testing | 23 | 633 | .57 | .52 (.41 to .64) | 9.14** | 18.39 | 10 | 202 | .18 | .17 (−.02 to .37) | 1.73 | 4.06 | 9 | 119 | .17 | .21 (−.04 to .47) | 1.64 | 2.61 |
| Separate measures | ||||||||||||||||||
| d2 | 11 | 293 | .65 | .60 (.43 to .76) | 7.01** | 19.51 | 4 | 66 | .16 | .18 (−.16 to .52) | 1.03 | 0.38 | 5 | 87 | .23 | .28 (−.02 to .58) | 1.85 | 1.50 |
| GAF | 6 | 152 | .72 | .59 (.36 to .82) | 5.05** | 2.20 | 2 | 48 | .12 | .20 (−.20 to .60) | 0.96 | 0.90 | 4 | 67 | −.06 | .00 (−.34 to .34) | −0.01 | 1.73 |
| BPRS | 16 | 333 | .64 | .61 (.45 to .77) | 7.62** | 24.05 | 4 | 76 | .34 | .28 (−.04 to .60) | 1.73 | 0.24 | 10 | 145 | .25 | .29 (.06 to .53) | 2.44* | 15.53 |
Note: K, number of studies; N, number of patients; ES, unweighted effect sizes within the group; ESw, weighted effect sizes within the group; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; Z, significance statistic within the group; QW, homogeneity statistics, χ2, 1-tailed. df = K − 3; d2, Attention Stress Test83; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders); BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.84
*P < .05, **P < .01.