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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Neuroimage. 2008 Oct 14;44(3):1050–1062. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.09.046

Table 4.

Mean±SD of raw scores on neuropsychologicalmeasures

	Young (n=12)	Elderly (n=12)	p Value^a	Z score^b
Phonological Fluency	40.33±11.74	39.75±12.90	.9088	1.00
Digit Forward	8.75±2.05	8.92±2.11	.8462	.7693
Digit Backward	7.25±2.49	7.00±2.37	.8036	.7702
Blocks Forward	9.33±1.23	7.33±1.07	*.0003*
Sternberg^*	259.10±155.67	435.06±97.36	*.0031*
Fine Finger Movements^c	76.73±17.55	68.28±19.32	2839	.1239
Grooved Pegboard^*	67.12±9.33	96.29±17.09	*.0001*
CANTAB: Motor^*	774.50±156.22	1061.07±157.04	*.0118*
CANTAB: Big/LittleCircle^*	704.88±107.47	902.1±157.04	*.0016*
Comprehensive Trail Making Test	2.53±7.31	8.5±11.67	.1472	.1259
Balance+Problem Solving Task^*^c	74.10±20.81	117.24±62.28	*.0339*	.0966
Semantic Fluency	22.28±3.14	17.19±4.21	*.0029*
Figural Fluency	100.25±13.44	80.33±9.76	*.0004*
Blocks Backward	9.00±1.28	7.33±1.67	*.0118*
Stockings of Cambridge	10.25±1.42	8.17±2.21	*.0118*
Intra-Extra Dimensional Shift Task^*	5.08±5.9	22.62±16.58	*.0023*

^a

t-tests

^b

Mann-Whitney U test corrected for ties

^c

n=11 for elderly

^*

higher scores = worse performance, WM = Working Memory, MOT = Motor, PS = Problem Solving.