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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 26.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2008 Aug 21;103(7):702–709. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.175489

Table.

Summary of Cardiac Anomalies Present With Different Combinations of Pbx1-, Pbx2-, and Pbx3-null Alleles

Genotype Lethality Cardiac Phenotype
Pbx3−/− Neonatal None
Pbx2−/− Increased None
Pbx2−/−;Pbx3+/− Increased None
Pbx2−/−;Pbx3−/− Embryonic None
Pbx1+/− None None
Pbx1+/−;Pbx3+/− Neonatal None
Pbx1+/−;Pbx2+/− Increased None
Pbx1+/−;Pbx2+/−;Pbx3+/− Neonatal Bicuspid aortic valve
Pbx1+/−;Pbx2−/− Neonatal Overriding aorta; VSD; bicuspid aortic and pulmonic valves
Pbx1+/−;Pbx2−/−;Pbx3+/− Embryonic Tetralogy of Fallot (RVOT obstruction, VSD, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta)
Pbx1−/− E15 to E16 Truncus arteriosus originating from the right ventricle; VSD

VSD indicates ventricular septal defect.