Table 3.
Standardized Estimates from Validity Coefficient Invariance Analyses for Percentage White, Percentage Foreign Born, Percentage Same Household Since 1995, and Percentage of Families Living in Poverty Across Mexican American English, Mexican American Spanish, and European American English Groups
|
Slopes |
Intercepts |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Δdf | Δχ2 | MAE | MAS | EAE | MAE | MAS | EAE | ||
| Dangerous people: Child report | |||||||||
| Percentage foreign born | |||||||||
| 1 | Freely estimate slopes and intercepts | ||||||||
| 2 | Invariant slopes (all groups) | 2 | 9.80** | 0.35 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 1.98 | 3.28 | 2.56 |
| 3 | Invariant slopes and intercepts (MAE and EAE) | 2a | 0.00 | ||||||
| 4 | Invariant slopes and intercepts (MAS and EAE) | 2b | 3.41 | ||||||
| Percentage same household since 1995 | |||||||||
| Freely estimate slopes and intercepts | -0.15 | -0.06 | -0.28 | 2.95 | 3.63 | 3.35 | |||
| 5 | Invariant slopes (all groups) | 2 | 1.40 | ||||||
| 6 | Invariant slopes (all groups) and intercepts (all groups) | 2 | 24.80*** | ||||||
| 7 | Invariant slopes (all groups) and intercepts (MAE and EAE) | 1c | 0.55 | ||||||
| 8 | Invariant slopes (all groups) and intercepts (MAS and EAE) | 1d | 3.79 | ||||||
| Percentage White | |||||||||
| 9 | Freely estimate slopes and intercepts | ||||||||
| 10 | Invariant slopes (all groups) | 2 | 4.11 | -0.32 | -0.02 | -0.41 | 3.96 | 3.53 | 3.79 |
| 11 | Invariant slopes (all groups) and intercepts (all groups) | 2 | 15.46*** | ||||||
| 12 | Invariant slopes (all groups) and intercepts (MAE and EAE) | 1e | 0.14 | ||||||
| Percentage of families living in poverty | |||||||||
| 13 | Freely estimates slopes and intercepts | ||||||||
| 14 | Invariant slopes (all groups) | 2 | 3.61 | 0.42 | 0.11 | 0.38 | 1.96 | 3.20 | 1.93 |
| 15 | Invariant slopes (all groups) and intercepts (all groups) | 2 | 15.13** | ||||||
| 16 | Invariant slopes (all groups) and intercepts (MAE and EAE) | 1f | 0.50 | ||||||
| Dangerous people: Mother report | |||||||||
| Percentage foreign born | |||||||||
| 17 | Freely estimate slopes and intercepts | -0.58 | -0.36 | -0.08 | 9.22 | 8.48 | 9.25 | ||
| 18 | Invariant slopes (all groups) | 2 | 7.91* | ||||||
| 19 | Invariant slopes (MAS and EAE) | 1g | 0.98 | ||||||
| 20 | Invariant slopes and intercepts (MAS and EAE) | 1 | 0.23 | ||||||
| Percentage same household since 1995 | |||||||||
| 21 | Freely estimate slopes and intercepts | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.54 | 8.21 | 7.64 | 7.64 | ||
| 22 | Invariant slopes (all groups) | 2 | 12.61** | ||||||
| 23 | Invariant slopes (MAE and MAS) | 1h | 0.01 | ||||||
| 24 | Invariant slopes and intercepts (MAE and MAS) | 1 | 21.14*** | ||||||
| Percentage White | |||||||||
| 25 | Freely estimate slopes and intercepts | 0.52 | 0.24 | 0.44 | 6.05 | 6.77 | 7.48 | ||
| 26 | Invariant slopes (all groups) | 2 | 4.07 | ||||||
| 27 | Invariant slopes and intercepts (all groups) | 2 | 16.49*** | ||||||
| 28 | Invariant slopes (all groups) and intercepts (MAS and EAE) | 1i | 0.04 | ||||||
| Percentage of families living in poverty | |||||||||
| 29 | Freely estimate slopes and intercepts | -0.57 | -0.37 | -0.46 | 9.00 | 8.40 | 9.84 | ||
| 30 | Invariant slopes (all groups) | 2 | 2.16 | ||||||
| 31 | Invariant slopes and intercepts (all groups) | 2 | 15.59*** | ||||||
| 32 | Invariant slopes (all groups) and intercepts (MAS and EAE) | 1j | 0.14 | ||||||
| Sense of safety: Mother report | |||||||||
| Percentage foreign born | |||||||||
| 33 | Freely estimate slopes and intercepts | -0.59 | -0.33 | 0.02 | 6.71 | 7.27 | 5.35 | ||
| 34 | Invariant slopes (all groups) | 2 | 17.36*** | ||||||
| 35 | Invariant slopes (MAS and EAE) | 1k | 3.42 | ||||||
| 36 | Invariant slopes and intercepts (MAS and EAE) | 1 | 14.86** | ||||||
| Percentage same household since 1995 | |||||||||
| 37 | Freely estimate slopes and intercepts | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.38 | 5.97 | 6.46 | 4.37 | ||
| 38 | Invariant slopes (all groups) | 2 | 7.80* | ||||||
| 39 | Invariant slopes (MAE and MAS) | 1l | 0.00 | ||||||
| 40 | Invariant slopes and intercepts (MAE and MAS) | 1 | 0.00 | ||||||
| Percentage White | |||||||||
| 41 | Freely estimate slopes and intercepts | 0.49 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 4.02 | 5.68 | 4.22 | ||
| 42 | Invariant slopes (all groups) | 2 | 3.25 | ||||||
| 43 | Invariant slopes and intercepts (all groups) | 2 | 13.10** | ||||||
| 44 | Invariant slopes (all groups) and intercepts (MAE and MAS) | 1m | 0.64 | ||||||
| Percentage of families living in poverty | |||||||||
| 45 | Freely estimate slopes and intercepts | -0.53 | -0.27 | -0.37 | 6.67 | 7.15 | 5.97 | ||
| 46 | Invariant slopes (all groups) | 2 | 3.15 | ||||||
| 47 | Invariant slopes and intercepts (all groups) | 2 | 13.70*** | ||||||
| 48 | Invariant slopes (all groups) and intercepts (MAE and MAS) | 1n | 1.07 | ||||||
| Physical environment: Mother report | |||||||||
| Percentage foreign born | |||||||||
| 49 | Freely estimate slopes and intercepts | -0.59 | -0.27 | -0.25 | 5.34 | 5.26 | 4.22 | ||
| 50 | Invariant slopes (all groups) | 2 | 10.55** | ||||||
| 51 | Invariance in slopes (MAE and EAE) | 1o | 0.43 | ||||||
| 52 | Invariance in slopes (MAS and EAE) | 1p | 0.34 | ||||||
| 53 | Invariant slopes and intercepts (MAE and EAE) | 1q | 0.96 | ||||||
| 54 | Invariant slopes and intercepts (MAS and EAE) | 1r | 7.30** | ||||||
| Percentage same household since 1995 | |||||||||
| 55 | Freely estimate slopes and intercepts | -0.03 | -0.02 | 0.44 | 4.59 | 4.85 | 2.30 | ||
| 56 | Invariant slopes (all groups) | 2 | 15.82*** | ||||||
| 57 | Invariance in slopes (MAE and MAS) | 1s | 0.00 | ||||||
| 58 | Invariant slopes and intercepts (MAE and MAS) | 1 | 0.25 | ||||||
| Percentage White | |||||||||
| 59 | Freely estimate slopes and intercepts | 0.54 | 0.22 | 0.55 | 2.16 | 3.84 | 1.65 | ||
| 60 | Invariant slopes (all groups) | 2 | 13.04** | ||||||
| 61 | Invariant slopes (MAE and EAE) | 1t | 0.04 | ||||||
| 62 | Invariant slopes and intercepts (MAE and EAE) | 1 | 1.33 | ||||||
| Percentage of families living in poverty | |||||||||
| 63 | Freely estimate slopes and intercepts | -0.57 | -0.24 | -0.57 | 5.16 | 5.20 | 4.50 | ||
| 64 | Invariant slopes (all groups) | 2 | 8.58* | ||||||
| 65 | Invariant slopes (MAE and EAE) | 1u | 0.02 | ||||||
| 66 | Invariant slopes and intercepts (MAE and EAE) | 1 | 1.06 | ||||||
Note. χ2 values for clustered (non-clustered) models in MPLUS. CFI = Comparative Fit Index; TLI = Tucker Lewis Index; RMSEA = Root Mean Square Error of Approximation; SRMR = Standardized Root Mean Square Residual; MAE = Mexican American English; MAS = Mexican American Spanish; EAE = European American English. Each change in chi-square refers to a comparison of the current model with the immediately preceding model, except where noted by superscripts a through u; a and c and e-o and q-u compare the current model with the two models preceding it (e.g., a compares models 1 and 3); b, d, and p compare the current model with the three models preceding it (e.g., b compares model 1 and 4).
*
p<.05
**
p<.01
***
p<.001.