Table 3.

Demographic and Functional Characteristics of Those with Incident Driving Restriction or Cessation, Compared with Other Drivers

			Incident Driving Restriction or Cessation
			Continue (n = 1143)	Restrict (n = 41)	Stop Driving (n = 18)	Unadjusted P	P*
Demographics
	Age, mean (SD)		74.9 (5.1)	75.7 (5.6)	78.6 (4.7)	0.015	0.012†
	Women (%)		47.5	87.8	50.0	<0.001	<0.001‡
	Blacks (%)		12.1	17.1	16.7	0.27	0.23§
	Education, mean years (SD)		13.7 (5.4)	12.4 (3.5)	13.6 (3.6)	0.02	0.02§
General health
	GDS score, mean (SD)		3.5 (3.4)	4.9 (3.3)	6.2 (4.5)	0.0001	0.0009§
	Arthritis (%)		55.7	63.4	88.9	0.02	0.10§
	Stroke (%)		9.0	9.8	11.1	0.8	0.49§
	Parkinson's disease (%)		0.6	2.4	0.0	0.3	0.20§
	Medications (n)		6.4 (4.3)	6.4 (3.4)	6.8 (3.8)	0.8	0.9§
	Using CNS medications (%)		12.9	12.2	16.7	0.9	0.8§
Cognitive function
	Attention
		Visual attention extent, mean deg (SD)	12.8 (5.1)	11.8 (5.3)	8.0 (6.3)	0.005	0.02 §
	Visuospatial
		Visuomotor integration, mean raw score (SD)	18.4 (3.4)	16.5 (3.6)	16.1 (4.3)	<0.001	<0.001§
	Psychomotor speed and visual scanning
		Time TMT Part A in seconds, mean (SD)	48.5 (21.7)	60.1 (35.2)	84.2 (66.5)	<0.001	<0.001§
	Executive function
		Time TMT Part B in seconds, mean (SD)	124.7 (71.9)	133.7 (76.3)	170.9 (77.8)	0.068	0.03 §
Visual function
	LogMar, mean visual acuity (SD)		−0.01 (0.11)	0.04 (0.15)	0.08 (0.014)	<0.001	0.0006§
	Contrast sensitivity, better eye mean (SD)		35.3 (2.2)	34.4 (2.7)	32.4 (4.1)	<0.001	<0.001§
	Bilateral VF points missing, mean (SD)		1.98 (5.1)	1.8 (3.8)	9.8 (17.1)	0.007	0.001§

Bold indicates statistical significance.

^*For analysis, those who restricted or stopped driving were combined.

^†Adjusted for sex.

^‡Adjusted for age.

^§Adjusted for age and sex.