Table 3.

Plasma cytokine measurements at the time of diagnosis and during the follow-up of haemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) in all four patients. The first follow-up sample time-point was 4–6 weeks following the baseline sample, which corresponded to the start of etoposide/rituximab chemotherapy.

Cytokine measured	Normal range (pg/ml)	Median at baseline	Range at baseline	Elevated at baseline	Median at first follow-up	Range at first follow-up	Elevated at first follow-up
IL-1β	0–6	0	0–0	0/4	0	0–8	1/4
IL-2	0–3	0	0–0	0/4	0	0–15	0/4
IL-4	0–10	13	7–36	3/4	24	12–42	4/4
IL-5	0–5	3	0–11	1/4	1	0–11	1/4
IL-6	0–5	32	2–83	3/4	11	3–23	2/4
IL-8	0–8	158	36–587	4/4	49	34–108	4/4
IL-10	0–9	568	0–4844	3/4	0	0–503	1/4
IL-12	50–92	29	14–174	1/4	87	61–283	1/4
IL-13	0–10	0	0–16	1/4	0	0–0	0/4
IL-15	0–5	0	0–0	0/4	0	0–0	0/4
IL-17	0–14	0	0–73	1/4	36	0–36	3/4
GM-CSF	0–19	2	0–7	0/4	0	0–0	0/4
TNF-α	0–12	0	0–0	0/4	0	0–0	0/4
IFN-α	0–31	0	0–0	0/4	10	0–20	0/4
IFN-γ	0–4	14	8–20	4/4	8	8–14	4/4

GM-CSF, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.