Table 3.
Reduction in PGE2 and cell viability by combinations of the putative bioactive constituents identified in Fraction 3A. Mean percent of LPS-induced PGE2 level as compared to media + LPS + DMSO control (95% confidence intervals) and mean percent of cell viability as compared to media + DMSO control-treated cells ± standard error of constituents identified in fraction 3A. n=8 for anti-inflammatory treatments; n=8 for cytotoxicity treatments. Q=0.07 µM quercetin, A= 0.08 µM amentoflavone, CA= 0.2 µM chlorogenic acid, PH= 0.03 µM pseudohypericin. Cytotoxicity data represents light-activated and dark treatments combined as there was no difference between light-activated versus dark treatments. Constituents in the culture media without LPS did not affect the concentration of PGE2 as compared to the media + DMSO control. Addition of LPS to the culture media + DMSO control increased the level of PGE2 10–34 fold over the media + DMSO control alone (0.07 ±0.03 ng/ml for media + DMSO, 1.6 ± 0.4 ng/ml for media + DMSO + LPS). Quercetin (10 µM) positive control significantly inhibited PGE2 production (11 (8–16) % of control)
| PGE2 Percent of light-activated control |
PGE2 Percent of dark control |
Cell Viability Percent of Control |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Fraction 3A | 12 (7–18)* | 32 (3–48)* | 85 ± 4 |
| Q | 100 (98–100) | 99 (96–105) | 86 ± 16 |
| A | 103 (96–106) | 104 (99–110) | 92 ± 8 |
| CA | 115 (100–127) | 122 (104–128) | 103 ± 18 |
| PH | 103 (98–109) | 100 (98–114) | 76 ± 11 |
| Q + A | 90 (78–100) | 92 (86–98) | 116 ± 22 |
| CA + Q | 100 (71–100) | 100 (91–104) | 112 ± 16 |
| CA + A | 88 (80–99) | 100 (76–108) | 99 ± 7 |
| PH + Q | 61 (39–85)* | 98 (79–104)$ | 87 ± 5 |
| PH + A | 51 (16–84)* | 83 (84–100)$ | 96 ± 13 |
| PH + CA | 93 (71–100) | 102 (96–108) | 104 ± 15 |
| CA + Q + A | 95 (86–100) | 99 (79–114) | 80 ± 24 |
| Q + A + PH | 50 (17–80)* | 78 (85–99)$ | 113 ± 17 |
| CA + Q+ PH | 69 (35–89)* | 78 (50–98) | 94 ± 13 |
| CA + A + PH | 65 (36–96)* | 74 (69–197) | 101 ± 8 |
| CA, A, Q, PH | 34 (29–36)* | 78 (49–86)$ | 101 ± 10 |
| 10x CA, A, Q, PH | 31 (24–35)* | 68 (38–79)$ | 102 ± 7 |
| 100x CA, A, Q, PH | 11 (5–17)* | 53 (31–59)*$ | 95 ± 12 |
p-value < 0.05 as compared to control.
significant difference between light-activated and dark treatments.