Table 3.
Crude and adjusted odds ratios for renal cell carcinoma: environmental tobacco smoke exposure among never-smokers
|
Cases (%) |
Controls (%) |
OR (95% CI) |
AOR (95% CI)a |
χ2 trendb | |
| Home ETS exposure | |||||
| Duration (years) | p = 0.010 | ||||
| No exposure | 35 (27%) | 43 (32%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| 1 – 20 years | 38 (30%) | 59 (44%) | 0.79 (0.43 – 1.45) | 0.86 (0.46 – 1.60) | |
| > 20 years | 56 (43%) | 32 (24%) | 2.15 (1.15 – 4.01) | 2.18 (1.14 – 4.18) | |
| Total | 129 (100%) | 134 (100%) | |||
| Lifetime hours | p = 0.008 | ||||
| No exposure | 37 (29%) | 44 (33%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| 1 – 29,999 hours | 41 (32%) | 62 (46%) | 0.79 (0.44 – 1.42) | 0.83 (0.45 – 1.52) | |
| 30,000 + hours | 50 (39%) | 28 (21%) | 2.12 (1.12 – 4.01) | 2.37 (1.20 – 4.69) | |
| Total | 128 (100%) | 134 (100%) | |||
| Workplace ETS exposure | p = 0.740 | ||||
| Duration (years) | |||||
| No exposure | 55 (43%) | 73 (55%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| 1 – 20 years | 48 (37%) | 32 (24%) | 1.99 (1.13 – 3.51) | 2.09 (1.17 – 3.75) | |
| > 20 years | 26 (20%) | 29 (22%) | 1.19 (0.63 – 2.25) | 1.04 (0.54 – 2.01) | |
| Total | 129 (100%) | 134 (100%) | |||
| Lifetime hours | p = 0.972 | ||||
| No exposure | 55 (43%) | 73 (55%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| 1 – 16,999 hours | 38 (30%) | 28 (21%) | 1.80 (0.99 – 3.28) | 1.83 (0.99 – 3.37) | |
| 17,000 + hours | 36 (28%) | 33 (25%) | 1.45 (0.80 – 2.61) | 1.36 (0.74 – 2.49) | |
| Total | 129 (100%) | 134 (100%) | |||
| Smoker proximity | p = 0.370 | ||||
| < 5 smokers within 10'c | 44 (60%) | 43 (71%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| ≥ 5 smokers within 10' | 29 (40%) | 18 (30%) | 1.57 (0.76 – 3.24) | 1.47 (0.70 – 3.08) | |
| Total | 73 (100%) | 61 (100%) | |||
| Public/private ETS exposured | - | ||||
| < 1 hour per week | 42 (33%) | 54 (40%) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| 1 – 2 hours per week | 52 (41%) | 46 (34%) | 1.45 (0.83 – 2.56) | 1.59 (0.88 – 2.87) | |
| 3 – 6 hours per week | 22 (17%) | 16 (12%) | 1.77 (0.83 – 3.78) | 2.25 (0.99 – 5.09) | |
| ≥ 7 hours per week | 12 (9%) | 18 (13%) | 0.86 (0.37 – 1.97) | 0.87 (0.37 – 2.05) | |
| Total | 128 (100%) | 134 (100%) |
a Adjusted for age, gender, race, and BMI. b Reported only for continuous variables in adjusted models.
c Assessed only for those reporting workplace ETS exposure. d Adjusted for age, gender, race, BMI, and weekly alcohol consumption.