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Binding of MAMPs by pattern recognition receptors initiates a MAPK signaling cascade that leads to activation of defense gene expression through WRKY transcription factors. MAMP recognition also induces production of reactive oxygen species by AtRBOHD, callose deposition, cytosolic Ca2+ flux, and CBP60g expression. CBP60g, when activated by CaM binding, positively regulates signaling leading to SA accumulation and defense gene expression.
