Table III.
Effect of buprenorphine dosing on drug-positive urinalysis in 179 opiate- and cocaine-dependent outpatients
| 16 mg daily | 16 mg every other day | 8 mg daily | 2 mg daily | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cocaine-positive (%) | ||||||||
| Baseline (mean, SEM)* | 70.5 (5.82) | 60.5 (5.74) | 70.2 (5.48) | 70.5 (5.87) | ||||
| Maintenance (mean, SEM) | 60.0 (5.57) | 66.4 (5.26) | 63.7 (5.72) | 69.5 (4.97) | ||||
| Withdrawal (mean, SEM) | 33.4 (7.87) | 67.0 (7.39) | 55.0 (9.38) | 63.4 (8.30) | ||||
| Daily change in log OR cocaine-positive† | Unadjusted‡ | Adjusted for urine opiate-positive† | Unadjusted | Adjusted for urine opiate-positive | Unadjusted | Adjusted for urine opiate-positive | Unadjusted | Adjusted for urine opiate-positive |
| Maintenance (mean, 95% CI) | −0.027§ (−0.040, −0.013) |
−0.023§ (−0.037, −0.010) |
−0.0051 (−0.019, 0.0084) |
−0.0028 (−0.015, 0.0098) |
−0.009 (−0.023, 0.0052) |
−0.0056 (−0.019, 0.0079) |
−0.0083 (−0.022, 0.0056) |
0.075 (−0.021, 0.0065) |
| Withdrawal (mean, 95% CI) | 0.020 (−0.038, 0.077) |
0.0089 (−0.050, 0.066) |
0.028 (−0.028, 0.083) |
0.022 (−0.035, 0.078) |
−0.0013 (−0.061, 0.058) |
−0.023 (−0.082, 0.036) |
0.019 (−0.036, 0.075) |
0.0037 (−0.052, 0.060) |
| Opiate-positive (%) | ||||||||
| Baseline (mean, SEM) | 67.5 (6.21) | 56.6 (6.05) | 70.2 (4.95) | 67.4 (5.65) | ||||
| Maintenance (mean, SEM) | 52.2 (5.23) | 52.0 (5.51) | 52.0 (5.49) | 62.1 (5.00) | ||||
| Withdrawal (mean, SEM) | 38.5 (8.12) | 56.2 (7.61) | 49.3 (9.10) | 64.9 (8.69) | ||||
| Daily change in urine log OR opiate-positive | Unadjusted | Adjusted for urine cocaine | Unadjusted | Adjusted for urine cocaine | Unadjusted | Adjusted for urine cocaine-positive | Unadjusted | Adjusted for urine cocaine positive |
| Maintenance (mean, 95% CI) | −0.024§ (−0.036, −0.011) |
−0.018§ (−0.031, −0.0053) |
−0.0015 (−0.014, 0.011) |
0.00052 (−0.011, 0.012) |
−0.020§ (−0.032, −0.0067) |
−0.019§ (−0.031, −0.0064) |
−0.026§ (−0.015, 0.097) |
−0.00079§ (−0.013, 0.012) |
| Withdrawal (mean, 95% CI) | 0.051 (−0.0046, 0.11) |
0.060§ (0.0022, 0.12) | 0.043 (−0.0094, 0.095) |
0.035 (−0.016, 0.087) |
0.083§ (0.019, 0.15) | 0.099§ (0.035, 0.16) | 0.054 (−0.0051, 0.11) |
0.058 (−0.0043, 0.12) |
OR, Odds ratio.
Baseline phase, days 1 to 4 (dose increased to target); maintenance phase, days 5 to 70 (target dose administered); withdrawal phase, days 71 to 91 (target dose tapered to zero).
Adjusted parameter estimates reflect the change in outcome variable with levels of the adjusting variable held constant.
In logistic regression, regression coefficients are log ORs. The ORs in this analysis are odds of drug-positive urine on each study day divided by the odds of drug-positive urine on the previous day. For log OR a minus sign indicates a decrease (decreasing urine-positive results over time); all other values showed an increase (increasing urine-positive results over time).
Parameter significantly different from 0 (P < .05).