Table 4.
MICs (mg/l) of, and susceptibility to, cefepime, ceftazidime and imipenem among clinical populations of Gram-positive organisms
| Organism | Region | Site of infection | Year(s) of collection | MIC (mg/l)* |
Ref. | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Cefepime |
Ceftazidime (Ceftriaxone)‡ |
Imipenem |
|||||||||||
| MIC50 | MIC90 | S (%) | MIC50 | MIC90 | S (%) | MIC50 | MIC90 | S (%) | |||||
| Staphylococcus aureus |
North America | Mixture | 2007 | 2 | 4 | 100§ | 8 | 16 | 89.3 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 100 | [138] |
| BSI, RT | 1998-1904 | 2 | 4 | 100§ | 8 | 16 | 86.7 | NR | NR | NR | [40] | ||
| SSTI | 2000 | 4 | >16 | 83.9¶ | 8 | >16 | 75.0 | ≤0.06 | 4 | 92.1 | [155] | ||
| Latin America | RT | 1997-1900 | >16 | >16 | 46.7¶ | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | [144] | |
| BSI | 1997-1900 | 4 | >16 | 69.4¶ | 8 | >16 | 56.4 | ≤0.06 | >8 | 69.4 | [140] | ||
| America and Europe | Mixture | 2005-2006 | 2 | 4 | 99.9 | 8 | 8 | 96.5 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12 | >99.9 | [31]§ | |
| Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. |
North America | Mixture | 2007 | 1 | 2 | 100§ | 4 | 16 | 88.2 | 2 | 4 | 98.1 | [138] |
| BSI, RT | 1998-1904 | 1 | 2 | 100§ | 8 | 8 | 94.0 | NR | NR | NR | [40] | ||
| Latin America | BSI | 1997-1900 | 4 | >16 | 24.7¶ | >16 | >16 | 24.7 | 0.5 | >8 | 24.7 | [140] | |
| Streptococcus pyogenes |
Europe and Australia | Mixture | 1999-1900 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 100 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 100 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 100 | [36] |
| β-hemolytic streptococci |
North America | BSI, RT | 1998-1904 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12 | 100 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | 100 | NR | NR | NR | [40] |
|
Viridans streptococci |
North America | Mixture | 1998-1903 | ≤0.12 | 1 | 94.1 | 0.12 | 0.5 | 93.6 | NR | NR | NR | [35] |
| America and Europe | Mixture | 2005-2006 | 0.5 | 2 | 99.9 | 4 | 8 | 96.8 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12 | 100 | [31]§ | |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae |
North America | Mixture | 2007 | ≤0.12 | 1 | 96.0 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 95.2 | ≤0.15 | 0.25 | 88.1 | [138] |
| Mixture | 2001-02 | ≤0.12 | 1 | 96.6 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 99.8 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | NR | [42] | ||
| 0.25 | 1 | 99.2 | 0.25 | 1 | 98.7 | ≤0.06 | 0.12 | NR | [42]# | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 81.9 | 1 | 2 | 79.7 | 0.25 | 0.5 | NR | [41]** | ||||
| BSI, RT | 1998-04 | ≤0.12 | 1 | 93.7 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 93.7 | NR | NR | NR | [40] | ||
| Latin America | RT | 1998-04 | ≤0.06 | 0.5 | 99.2 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 99.5 | NR | NR | NR | [153] | |
| America and Europe | Mixture | 2005-06 | ≤0.12 | 1 | 96.3 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 97.5 | NR | NR | NR | [31] | |
| Europe | RT | 1999-03 | ≤0.06 | 1 | 98.4 | 0.03 | 1 | 99.1 | NR | NR | NR | [39] | |
*
Results were interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria.
‡
For all streptococci, ceftriaxone MICs were shown.
§
All strains were oxacillin-susceptible.
¶
Susceptibility was predicted by the oxacillin results.
#
Considering only penicillin-intermediate strains.
**
Considering only penicillin-resistant strains.
BSI: Bloodstream infection; NR: Not reported; RT: Respiratory tract infection; S: Susceptibility; SSTI: Skin and soft tissue infection.