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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 2.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Jul 2;52(10):869–881. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.04.055

Figure 2. Pioglitazone represses TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression in a PPARα-dependent manner.

Figure 2

ECs isolated from PPARα+/+ (A) and PPARα−/− (B) mouse hearts were pretreated with WY14643, rosiglitazone (BRL), or pioglitazone at the concentrations shown (18 h) before mouse TNFα stimulation and subsequent Northern blotting for VCAM-1 mRNA and GAPDH expression. One representative blot of three is shown. Northern blotting for VCAM-1 expression was repeated in the presence of the dose range of pioglitazone shown in EC from PPARα+/+ (C) and PPARα−/− (D) mice. (E) Quantification of the effects of pioglitazone on VCAM-1 mRNA in PPARα+/+ and PPARα−/− EC relative to GAPDH mRNA expression (n = 3, #p<0.05 TNFα vs. vehicle; *p<0.05 pioglitazone/TNFα vs. TNFα alone, Mann-Whitney test).