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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 2.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Jul 2;52(10):869–881. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.04.055

Figure 3. PPARα is required for pioglitazone-mediated repression of TNFα induced endothelial VCAM-1 mRNA expression.

Figure 3

Northern blot analysis was performed on total RNA isolated from PPARα−/− ECs transfected either with PPARα-containing pSG5 overexpression vector (A) or pSG5 alone (B) before stimulation with TNFα in either the absence or presence of WY (100 µM) or pioglitazone (10 µM), with subsequent probing for VCAM-1 or GAPDH expression. (C) Quantification of the VCAM-1 mRNA response to pioglitazone relative to GAPDH mRNA expression levels (n = 3, #p<0.05 TNFα vs. vehicle; *p<0.05 pioglitazone/TNFα vs. TNFα alone; †p<0.05 WY14643/TNFα vs. TNFα alone, Mann-Whitney test). (D) Cells were transfected in (A, B) but with a concentration gradiant of pSG5-PPARα as shown before TNFα stimulation in either the absence or presence of pioglitazone 10 µM (n = 3, *p<0.05 pioglitazone/TNFα vs. TNFα alone).