Table 1.
Characteristics of the diabetic patients at baseline and after 16 weeks of intervention with placebo or pioglitazone.
| Placebo (n=15) |
Pioglitazone (n=19) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| baseline | 16 weeks | p value | baseline | 16 weeks | p value | |
| Age, years | 58.8±11 | 61.3±5.9 | ||||
| Men/Women | 9/6 | 16/3 | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 31.6±3.1 | 31.09±3 | ns | 31.9±3.7 | 32.1±3.5 | ns |
| Weight, kg | 94.1±9.7 | 93.3±9.1 | ns | 95.8±13.7 | 96.6±12 | ns |
| Waist, cm | 108.8±7.8 | 108.8±9.7 | ||||
| SBP, mmHg | 125.5±15.7 | 129.3±13.3 | ||||
| DBP, mmHg | 81.7±9.7 | 77.4±8.7 | ||||
| FPG, mg/dL | 146.4±10.3 | 140.9±7.7 | ns | 162.2±13.6 | 125.4±7.1 | 0.002 |
| 2h-OGTT, mg/dL | 263.3±13.8 | 265.6±15.2 | ns | 273.5±19 | 216.3±12.6 | 0.001 |
| Total-C, mg/dL | 197.4±9.6 | 177.3±10.9 | ns | 203.8±9.9 | 169.2±7.4 | ns |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 119±9.1 | 88.4±7.5 | ns | 128.4±8.3 | 103.1±7 | ns |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 47±1.7 | 35±1.9 | 0.001 | 45.9±2.1 | 41.4±2.1 | ns |
| TG, mg/dL | 169.8±15.3 | 150.3±16.1 | ns | 160.7±24.9 | 129.1±11.4 | 0.008 |
| TG/HDL ratio | 3.5±0.3 | 4.6±0.6 | ns | 3.5±0.5 | 3.1±0.2 | 0.02 |
| sVCAM-1, ng/mL | 512.1±45.7 | 600.5±41.7 | 0.008 | 470.4±33.9 | 486.7±45.7 | ns |
| hsCRP, mg/L | 1.3† | 1.3† | ns* | 2.6† | 0.8† | ns* |
| TNFα, ng/mL | (0.44–3.89) 1.5±0.09 |
(0.49–89.3) 1.8±0.1 |
ns | (0.25–23.8) 1.3±0.08 |
(0.17–8.75) 1.2±0.08 |
ns |
Data are showed as mean SE with 95% confidence interval (CI) or median (†). No baseline differences in any variables (independent Student’s t test); p<0.05 shows significant differences within group (paired-Student’s t test)
Median test (*) between groups pre or post treatment. BMI (Body Mass Index); SBP (Systolic Blood Pressure); DBP (Diastolic Blood Pressure); FPG (Fasting Plasma Glucose); OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test), ns = non-significant.