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Expression of many pattern-recognition receptors increases on the surface of the newly formed macrophages, such as scavenger receptors (SR, a family of proteins including CD36, CD68, CXCL16, SR-A and SR-B1) and Toll-like receptors (TLR). SR can bind to the oxLDL in the intima, leading to the formation of foam cells. T-cells migrate into the intima and secrete cytokines for monocyte differentiation.
