Ets-1 but not Ets-2 is required for radial glia formation in Xenopus hindbrain. (A) Reduction of endogenous Ets proteins by Morpholino Oligonucleotides (MO) at stage 18. The level of tubulin protein was used for the normalization of samples. (B–F) High magnification images of the injected and uninjected side of the hindbrain in 40 ng ConMO-injected (B) vimentin, 40 ng Ets1MO-injected (C) vimentin and XIF3, (C') vimentin and GFAP, 40 ng Ets2MO-injected (D) vimentin and XIF3, (D') vimentin and GFAP, Ets1MO/100 pg Ets1-GRΔATG-injected (E) vimentin,and Ets2MO/20 pg Ets2-GRΔATG-injected (F) vimentin embryos. DEX was added at stage 18. Scale bar: 25 mm. (G) The ratio of radial processes (RPratio) between the injected and uninjected side of the hindbrain for each injection experiment. Gray bar or white bars indicate with DEX treatment at stage 18 or without DEX treatment, respectively. The numbers of X-axis indicate the developmental stages when DEX was added. *p < 0.001 compared with the ratio of ConMO-injected embryos. **p < 0.001 compared with the ratio of Ets1MO/ Ets1-GRΔATG-injected embryos without DEX treatment. ***p < 0.001 compared with the ratio of Ets2MO/Ets2-GRΔATG-injected embryos without DEX treatment. Each value represents the average of 12 independent measurements. (H–J) High magnification images of the injected and uninjected side of the hindbrain in 50 pg dn-Ets1-GR-injected (H) vimentin and XIF3, dn-Ets1-GR/100 pg Ets1-GR-injected (I) vimentin and dn-Ets1-GR/100 pg Ets2-GR-injected (J) vimentin embryos. DEX was added at stage 18. Scale bar: 25 µm. (K) The ratio of radial processes (RPratio) between the injected and the uninjected side of the hindbrain for each injection experiment. Gray bars or white bars indicate with DEX treatment at stage 18 or without DEX treatment, respectively. *p < 0.001compared with the ratio of dn-Ets1-GR-injected embryos without DEX treatment. **p < 0.001 compared with the ratio of dn-Ets1-GR-injected embryos with DEX treatment. Each value represents the average of 12 independent measurements. The original figure contains color pictures.