Table 1.
Electrical signals in higher plants induced by thermal stimuli
| Plant | Stimulus | Potential Amplitude, mV | Potential Duration, s | Potential Speed, cm/s | Potential Length, cm | Low - Pass Anti-Aliasing Filter | Physiological Effect | References | |
| 1 | Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) | Localized heat | AP: 49 | 60–300 | 2.5–4.0 | 150–1200 | No | Induction of pin gene expression | 18 |
| 2 | Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) | Localized heat | AP: 79 | 10 | 0.2 | 2 | No | Induction of pin gene expression | 30 |
| 3 | Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Heinz 1350) | Localized heat | AP: No VP: 40 |
No ∼60 |
No 0.4 |
No ∼24 |
No | Induction of pin gene expression | 31 |
| 4 | Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Heinz 1350) | Localized heat | AP: No VP: 74 |
No >1800 |
No ? |
No ? |
No | Induction of pin gene expression | 24 |
| 5 | Wheat (Triticum durum Desf., cv. Iva) | Localized heat | AP: No VP: ? |
No ? |
No ? |
No ? |
No | Induction of stomata activity | 16 |
| 6 | Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun) | Localized heat | EEP | >3600 | 1.5–2.0 | 5400–7200 | No | Stomata closure, reductions in the rate of transpiration and CO2 assimilation | 32 |
| 7 | Sunflower (Heliantis annuns) | Localized heat | AP: 18.5–24.4 | 14.7–18.4 | 1.3–2.7 | 24–39.7 | No | Action potential is the carrier of information | 33 |
| 8 | Bean (Phaseolus multiflorus Willd.) | Localized heat | AP: 22.3–27.0 | 16.3–26.1 | 0.5 | 8.2–13.05 | No | Action potential is the carrier of information | 33 |
| 9 | Buckwheat (Fagopyrum sagittaeum Gilib.) | Localized heat | AP: 17.1–19.5 | 16.9–24.6 | 0.9–1.2 | 22.1–20.3 | No | Action potential is the carrier of information | 33 |
| 10 | Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) | Localized heat | AP: 8.5–17.9 | 12.2–16.4 | 0.7–1.0 | 11.5–12.2 | No | Action potential is the carrier of information | 33 |
| 11 | Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) | Gradual cooling | AP: 18 (13°C) 117 (26°C) |
30–60 | ? | ? | No | Increase in cold resistance | 34 |
| Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) | Gradual cooling | ∼120 mV | ? | ? | ? | No | Increase in cold resistance | 35 | |
| 12 | Mimosa pudica | Cooling with ice water | AP: 150 | 8 | 2–3 | 16–24 | No | Leaf movements | 36 |
| 13 | Mimosa pudica | Localized heat | AP: 80–100 | 120–300 | 0.4–0.8 | 48–240 | No | Leaf movements | 37 |
| 14 | Hibiscus rosasinensis L. (Malvaceae) | Localized heat | AP: No VP: 100 |
>150 | 1.3 | >195 | No | Respiration change; reduced metabolite concentrations in the ovary | 38 |
| 15 | Hibiscus rosasinensis L. (Malvaceae) | Cooling with ice water | AP: 100 | 2–3 | 2 | 4–6 | No | Respiration change; reduced metabolite concentrations in the ovary | 38 |
| 16 | Aloe vera | Localized heat | AP: 40 | 0.01 | 6,700 | 67 | Yes | 39 | |
| 17 | Aloe vera | Ice | AP: 20–35 | 0.003 | 13,200 | 40 | Yes | 39 | |
| 18 | Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) | Localized heat | AP: 130 | 0.001 | 10,500 | 10.5 | Yes | Present work |
AP, action potential; VP, variation potential; EEP, extracellular electrical potential.