Table 2.
Overall prevalence of primary radiographic hip osteoarthritis in the general adult population
| Author (year) | Country | Sample age (years) | Osteoarthritis diagnosis | Prevalence (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recent estimates from primary studies uncovered through the literature search | ||||
| Andrianakos et al. [1] (2006) | Greece | 19+ | ACR* | 0.9 |
| Birrell et al. [3] (2005) | England | 45+ | JSW < 1.5 mm† | 6.4 |
| Burger et al. [5] (1996) | Netherlands | 55+ | K&L ≥ 2 | 8.0 |
| Cvijetic et al. [7] (2000) | Croatia | 45+ | K&L ≥ 2 | 23.0 |
| Danielsson and Lindberg [9] (1997) | Sweden | 40+ | JSW‡ | 1.9 |
| Grubber et al. [19] (1998) | USA | 25–74 | K&L ≥ 2 | 2.4 |
| Helmick et al. [22] (2003) | USA | 45+ | K&L ≥ 2 | 27.0 |
| Hirsch et al. [23] (1998) | USA | 45+ | K&L ≥ 2 | 3.5 |
| Ingvarsson et al. [28] (1999) | Iceland | 35+ | JSW ≤ 2.5 mm | 10.8 |
| Ingvarsson et al. [27] (2000) | Iceland | 35+ | K&L ≥ 2 | 9.2 |
| Inoue et al. [29] (2000) | Japan | 20–70 | K&L ≥ 3 | 2.4 |
| Inoue et al. [29] (2000) | France | 20–79 | K&L ≥ 3 | 5.3 |
| Jacobsen et al. [31] (2004) | Denmark | 60+ | JSW ≤ 2.0 mm | 7.8 |
| Nevitt et al. [43] (2002) | China | 60+ | JSW ≤ 1.5 mm§ | 1.0 |
| Nevitt et al. [43] (2002) | USA | 60–74 | JSW ≤ 1.5 mm§ | 4.1 |
| Odding et al. [44] (1998) | Netherlands | 55+ | K&L ≥ 2 | 15.2 |
| Reijman et al. [47] (2004) | Netherlands | 55+ | K&L ≥ 2 | 7.0 |
| Van Saase et al. [54] (1989)|| | Netherlands | 45+ | K&L ≥ 2 | 13.7 |
| Yoshimura et al. [55] (1998) | Japan | 60–79 | Croft ≥ 3 | 1.0 |
| Yoshimura et al. [55] (1998) | England | 60–75 | Croft ≥ 3 | 10.1 |
| Older estimates as reported in previous review articles [26, 36, 37] | ||||
| Danielsson (1966) | Sweden | 55+ | JSW‡ | 3.4 |
| Danielsson (1984) | Sweden | 40+ | JSW‡ | 2.0 |
| Forsberg (1992) | Sweden | 45+ | JSW¶ | 4.7 |
| Hoaglund (1973) | Hong Kong | 55–64 | K&L ≥ 3 | 1.0 |
| Jörring (1980) | Denmark | 25+ | JSW ≤ 3.0 mm | 4.7 |
| Lawrence (1954) | England | 55–64 | K&L ≥ 2 | 19.8 |
| Lawrence (1958) | England | 55+ | K&L ≥ 2 | 18.3 |
| Lawrence (1960) | Germany | 55+ | K&L ≥ 2 | 12.5 |
| Lawrence (1961) | England | 55+ | K&L ≥ 2 | 9.4 |
| Lawrence (1962) | Czechoslovakia | 55+ | K&L ≥ 2 | 13.4 |
| Lawrence (1964) | Jamaica | 55–64 | K&L ≥ 2 | 2.6 |
| Lawrence (1970) | Switzerland | 55+ | K&L ≥ 2 | 11.1 |
| Maurer (1979) | USA | 55–74 | # | 3.2 |
| Muller (1970) | Nigeria | 55+ | K&L ≥ 2 | 2.5 |
| Petersen (1941) | Iceland | 40+ | ** | 9.1 |
| Pogrund (1982) | Israel | 45+ | K&L ≥ 2 | 4.1 |
| Solomon (1976) | South Africa | 55+ | K&L ≥ 2 | 3.0 |
| Steffensen (1941) | Iceland | 25+ | ** | 25.0 |
| Tepper (1971) | USA | 55–74 | K&L ≥ 2 | 3.1 |
*American College of Rheumatology (ACR) diagnosis of hip OA hip pain and at least two of the following three items: erythrocyte sedimentation rate less than 20 mm/hour, radiographic femoral or acetabular osteophytes, and/or radiographic joint space narrowing; †or K&L ≥ 4; ‡JSW less than 4 mm in adults younger than 70 years of age or JSW less than 3 mm in adults older than 70 years of age or 1-mm difference of JSW between hips; §hip OA if either hip met at least one of the following criteria: (1) a minimum joint space of ≤ 1.5 mm, (2) an osteophyte of Grade 2 or higher in any location and either (a) superolateral joint space narrowing of Grade 2 or higher or (b) superomedial joint space narrowing of Grade 3 or higher, or (3) any three or more radiographic features of OA; ||although this study was published before 1996, it was not summarized in previous review articles and was therefore included in this category; ¶JSW less than 2 mm or obvious asymmetry with unilateral hips; #radiographic hip OA diagnosed using atlas of osteoarthritis read by three rheumatologists; **the K&L classification system for radiographic hip OA was developed in 1957; OA = osteoarthritis; JSW = joint space width; K&L = Kellgren and Lawrence.