. 2009 Feb;139(2):250–256. doi: 10.3945/jn.108.098954

TABLE 3.

Independent predictors of total hip BMD by forward selection multilevel multivariate regression analyses (n = 242)

	Models¹
	P-values (standardized estimates, β)
Variables	1	2	3	4	5	Estradiol
Energy intake, kJ/d	0.01 (0.16)	0.008 (0.17)	0.01 (0.16)	0.46 (0.04)	0.38 (0.05)	0.74 (0.02)
Serum HDL-C, mmol/L	NE²	0.002 (−0.20)	0.03 (−0.14)	0.29 (−0.06)	0.16 (−0.08)	0.35 (−0.06)
Serum SHBG, nmol/L	NE	NE	0.01 (−0.17)	0.26 (−0.07)	0.21 (−0.07)	0.09 (−0.11)
Lean body mass, kg	NE	NE	NE	<0.0001 (0.48)	<0.0001 (0.44)	<0.0001 (0.46)
African-American ethnicity	NE	NE	NE	NE	0.04 (0.12)	0.03 (0.13)
Plasma estradiol,³pmol/L	NE	NE	NE	NE	NE	0.79 (0.02)
Model R²	0.03	0.06	0.09	0.29	0.3	0.31

Model 1 (fatty acids) included energy intake, trans-fatty acids, SFA, MUFA, (n-3) PUFA, linoleic acid [(n-6) PUFA]. Model 2 (blood chemistry) included independent predictor from model 1 plus blood chemistry variables, HDL-C, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, and total protein. Model 3 (hormones) included predictors from models 1 and 2 plus testosterone, progesterone, SHBG, CRP, and insulin. Model 4 (anthropometrics) included predictors from models 1–3 plus correlated anthropometric variables body weight, BMI, lean body mass, and fat body mass. Model 5 (race and ethnicity): African-American and Hispanic ethnicity were entered in the model with Caucasian as the reference ethnicity. Estradiol model: predictor variables in model 5 was adjusted for serum estradiol.

NE, Not entered.

n = 210.