a, The proportions of EGFP-positive COS-7 cells with aggregates or cell death, after transfection with EGFP-HDQ74 and rheb or pcDNA3.1 (empty vector) (1:3 ratio) for 4 h and treatment with or without 10 μM calpastatin or 50 μM calpeptin for 48 h post-transfection. The control condition for assessing the effect of calpain inhibitors in rheb-transfected cells was taken as 1. Error bars: 95% confidence interval.
b, The proportions of EGFP-positive COS-7 cells with >5 EGFP-LC3 vesicles, transfected with EGFP-LC3 and pcDNA3.1 (empty vector) or rheb (1:3 ratio) for 4 h and treated with or without 10 μM calpastatin or 50 μM calpeptin for 24 h post-transfection. Error bars: 95% confidence interval.
c, The proportions of EGFP-positive COS-7 cells with aggregates, transfected with EGFP-HDQ74 and constitutively active (CA) m-calpain or pcDNA3.1 (empty vector) (1:3 ratio) for 4 h and treated with or without 0.2 μM rapamycin for 48 h post-transfection. Error bars: 95% confidence interval.
d, The proportions of EGFP-positive COS-7 cells with >5 EGFP-LC3 vesicles, transfected with EGFP-LC3 and constitutively active (CA) m-calpain or pcDNA3.1 (empty vector) (1:3 ratio) for 4 h and treated with or without 0.2 μM rapamycin for 24 h post-transfection. Error bars: 95% confidence interval.
e, f, The proportions of EGFP-positive COS-7 cells with aggregates (e) and cell death (f) as in Fig. 1c, treated with or without 0.2 μM rapamycin, 10 μM calpastatin or both for 48 h. Error bars: 95% confidence interval.
g, Clearance of soluble EGFP-HDQ74 in stable PC12 cells as in Fig. 1b, treated with or without 0.2 μM rapamycin, 10 μM calpastatin or both for the 48 h switch-off period. Error bars: Standard error of mean.
h, Clearance of A53T α-synuclein in stable PC12 cells as in Fig. 1a, treated with or without 0.2 μM rapamycin, 10 μM calpastatin or both for the 8 h switch-off period. Error bars: Standard error of mean. ***, p<0.001; **, p<0.01; *, p<0.05; NS, Non-significant.