Table 2.
Effects of pre-milling processes on the removal of DON.
| Wheat | Mycotoxin | Treatment | Effect | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hard Red Spring (Canada) | DON (7.1 mg/kg) | cleaning (Carter dockage tester) | DON in cleaned wheat was 4.6 mg/kg, while DON in dockage was 16.7 mg/kg | [25] |
| Soft White Winter(Canada) | DON | cleaning (Carter dockage tester) | cleaning did not reduce DON level | [26] |
| Soft wheat (USA) | DON | cleaning (combination of screening and air flow) | DON content was decreased by 16% and screening had 4.7 fold higher DON contents than cleaned wheat | [27] |
| wheat (USA) | DON (7.9–9.6 mg/kg) | cleaning | The percent reduction found in the cleaned wheat ranged from 6 to 19%. | [28] |
| Hard Red Winter (USA) | DON (0.64–5.1 mg/kg) | cleaning (Superior cylinder separators) followed by washing (Smico wheat washer) | normal, single cleaning obtained the cleaning efficiency ranging from 48% to 86% depending on DON concentration. | [29] |
| Canadian Western Red Spring, variety Sinton (Canada) | DON (12.5 mg/kg) | scouring | scouring reduced DON level by 22% | [30] |
| Canadian Western Amber Durum, variety Coulter(Canada) | DON (9.6 mg/kg) | scouring | without scouring did not affect DON level | [30] |
| Canadian Eastern White Winter(Canada) | DON | cleaning (Carter C-989 dockage tester) followed by fractionating (SY 300 gravity separator, Spiroll Kipp Kelly Inc.) | DON is highest in the least dense fractions | [31] |
| wheat naturally contaminated with DON and ZON | DON (2.4 mg/kg) | density segregation by soaking in water and 30% sucrose | removing wheat buoyant in water and then 30% sucrose decreased the DON present by 96%, and reduced the DON content by 96% | [33] |
| wheat naturally contaminated with DON and ZON | DON (0.6 mg/kg) | density segregation by soaking in water and 30% sucrose | removing wheat buoyant in water and then 30% sucrose decreased the DON present by 68%, and reduced the DON content by 67% | [33] |