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. 2008 Dec 18;9(12):2658–2723. doi: 10.3390/ijms9122658

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© 2008 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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“Quick displacement” and isotonic steady state shortening after sudden load (force) decrease of a tetanized frog muscle. The approximative Z-filament stages are indicated.

(a) The difference between quick displacement of the “series elastic component” and the steady state shortening of the “contractile component” is striking. The length change (left, in mm) and the remaining after-load (g) is indicated near each curve. (b) Damped oscillations superimpose the beginning of steady state shortening ((a) and (b), improved from Jewell and Wilkie [220]). (c) Similar experiments with own (lower) curves for the remaining afterload. At right in the lower panel, the tension curves of a spring which was fixed instead of the muscle (from Podolsky [236], with permission).