| Politics |
National – finance minister
Local government –
e.g. mayor |
Taxation; other regulation
Local regulation |
Taxation
Smoke-free public places in some countries |
| Retail industry |
Manufacturer
Retailer |
Diversification to less unhealthy products
Content specification; pricing policy, product placement |
Highly regulated retail sector – variable compliance (e.g. under-age shoppers)
Variable compliance with voluntary agreements |
| Hospitality industry |
Hairdresser
Restaurateur |
Health promotion advice
Non-smoking environment
Non-smoking environment
Healthy food options |
Basic hygiene practice
Environmental regulation compliance
Relatively scarce involvement in health promotion beyond hygiene |
| Health care |
Doctors, pharmacists, dentists and others |
Opportunistic evidence-based health improvement advice in context of patient’s condition |
Variable engagement with health improvement role |
| Child education |
Care-givers, teachers, head teachers, governors in nurseries, schools |
Use opportunities to influence behaviour – integrating health into teaching curriculum – e.g. sport, geography, history, economics |
Occasional public health champions |
| Mass media |
Journalist |
Balanced, evidence-based programmes, articles |
Variable degrees of responsible practice |
| Nongovernmental organizations |
Community workers, working with minority communities, hard-to-reach groups |
Health-oriented interventions – e.g. in language teaching and family welfare advice |
Variable, dependant upon public health competence of workforce |
