TABLE 2.
Prevalence of Selected Health Indicators Among US Hispanics, with Adjusted Odds Ratios (AORs) for Spanish-Speaking Hispanics Relative to English-Speaking Hispanics: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2003–2005
| Health Indicator | Years Asked | No. | Spanish Speakers, % (95% CI) | English Speakers, % (95% CI) | Pa | AOR for Spanish Speakersb (95% CI) |
| Chronic conditions | ||||||
| Arthritis | 2003, 2005 | 28 688 | 10.6 (9.6, 11.6) | 17.7 (16.4, 18.5) | <.001 | 0.54 (0.47, 0.63) |
| Asthma, ever | 2003, 2004, 2005 | 45 009 | 5.1 (4.6, 5.8) | 13.9 (13.1, 14.8) | <.001 | 0.35 (0.30, 0.41) |
| Diabetes | 2003, 2004, 2005 | 44 963 | 6.7 (6.0, 7.4) | 7.6 (7.0, 8.2) | .082 | 0.90 (0.77, 1.06) |
| High blood pressure | 2003, 2005 | 29 484 | 17.0 (15.7, 18.4) | 19.4 (18.3, 20.5) | .012 | 0.81 (0.71, 0.93) |
| Risk factors | ||||||
| Current smoking | 2003, 2004, 2005 | 44 875 | 15.2 (14.2, 16.3) | 19.2 (18.3, 20.2) | <.001 | 0.63 (0.57, 0.71) |
| Less than recommended physical activity | 2003, 2005 | 27 348 | 65.2 (63.5, 66.9) | 52.8 (51.3, 54.3) | <.001 | 1.55 (1.39, 1.71) |
| No leisure-time physical activity | 2003, 2004, 2005 | 44 979 | 46.0 (44.6, 47.4) | 26.7 (25.6, 27.7) | <.001 | 2.02 (1.85, 2.19) |
| Less than 5 daily servings of fruit and vegetables | 2003, 2005 | 28 771 | 77.2 (75.7, 78.6) | 78.0 (76.7, 79.2) | .477 | 1.13 (1.00, 1.27) |
| Obesity | 2003, 2004, 2005 | 40 132 | 25.2 (23.9, 26.6) | 27.4 (26.4, 28.5) | <.001 | 0.82 (0.75, 0.90) |
| Binge drinking | 2003, 2004, 2005 | 44 477 | 15.3 (14.2, 16.4) | 19.0 (18.0, 20.0) | <.001 | 0.71 (0.63, 0.80) |
| Access to health care | ||||||
| No current health insurance | 2003, 2004, 2005 | 44 880 | 55.4 (54.0, 56.7) | 23.3 (22.3, 24.3) | <.001 | 3.58 (3.27, 3.91) |
| Could not see a doctor because of cost | 2003, 2004, 2005 | 44 945 | 26.7 (25.5, 27.9) | 19.1 (18.2, 20.0) | <.001 | 1.40 (1.28, 1.53) |
| No personal doctor | 2003, 2004, 2005 | 44 676 | 58.0 (56.7, 59.4) | 28.7 (27.6, 29.9) | <.001 | 3.26 (2.98, 3.56) |
| No checkup in past year | 20005 | 17 292 | 45.2 (43.0, 47.5) | 36.4 (34.5, 38.4) | <.001 | 1.27 (1.11, 1.46) |
| Quality of life | ||||||
| Fair or poor health | 2003, 2004, 2005 | 44 867 | 38.6 (37.3, 40.0) | 17.2 (16.3, 18.1) | <.001 | 2.63 (2.40, 2.89) |
| Poor mental health days ≥ 14 days/mo | 2003, 2004, 2005 | 45 076 | 11.7 (10.8, 12.6) | 13.0 (12.3, 13.8) | .038 | 0.78 (0.69, 0.88) |
| Poor physical health days ≥ 14 days/mo | 2003, 2004, 2005 | 45 076 | 13.6 (12.7, 14.6) | 11.6 (10.9, 12.3) | .003 | 1.10 (0.97, 1.24) |
| Activity limitation ≥ 14 days/mo | 2003, 2004, 2005 | 45 076 | 7.1 (6.4, 7.8) | 7.9 (7.3, 8.6) | .093 | 0.76 (0.65, 0.89) |
| Receipt of preventive services | ||||||
| No flu shot in past year | 2003, 2004, 2005 | 44 915 | 81.4 (80.3, 82.4) | 75.8 (74.8, 76.8) | <.001 | 1.37 (1.24, 1.50) |
| No pneumonia vaccine ever | 2003, 2004, 2005 | 41 169 | 84.8 (83.8, 85.9) | 82.2 (81.1, 83.1) | <.001 | 1.23 (1.10, 1.38) |
| No dental visit in past year | 2004 | 15 368 | 50.3 (47.9, 52.7) | 35.4 (33.4, 37.4) | <.001 | 1.64 (1.43, 1.88) |
| No sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy in past 10 y (ages ≥ 50 y) | 2004 | 4 117 | 64.6 (59.4, 69.5) | 60.8 (56.7, 64.8) | .301 | 1.00 (0.73, 1.35) |
| No mammogram and CBE in past 2 y (ages ≥ 40 y) | 2004 | 4 512 | 54.3 (49.8, 58.8) | 49.1 (44.2, 52.9) | .109 | 1.16 (0.90, 1.50) |
| No pap smear in past 3 y | 2004 | 7 755 | 15.9 (13.5, 18.6) | 16.3 (14.1, 18.7) | .828 | 0.89 (0.67, 1.19) |
| No PSA test ever (ages ≥ 40 y) | 2004 | 2 690 | 61.6 (55.6, 67.3) | 49.8 (44.9, 54.6) | .005 | 1.38 (0.95, 2.00) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; CBE = clinical breast exam; PSA = prostate-specific antigen.
a
Based on χ2 comparison of crude prevalence.
b
Compared with English speakers, adjusted for age, gender, and educational level.