TABLE 5.
Population Attributable Fraction Percentages (PAFs) of Mental Health Problems and Mental Health Service Use in Relation to Combat and Peacekeeping Exposure Among Female Active Canadian Military Personnel: May to December 2002
| Peacekeeping Alone |
Combat Alone |
Both Combat and Peacekeeping |
Combat or Peacekeeping |
|||||
| Past 12-Month Variables | AORa (95% CI)c | PAF (95% CI) | AORa (95% CI) | PAF (95% CI) | AORa (95% CI) | PAF (95% CI) | AORa (95% CI) | PAF (95% CI) |
| Any mental disorderb | 0.87 (0.58, 1.32) | NS | 2.57* (1.28, 5.18) | 3.0* (0.6, 7.7) | 2.23** (1.33, 3.71) | 5.4* (1.5, 11.2) | 1.36* (1.00, 1.85) | 6.1* (0.0, 13.4) |
| Major depression | 0.80 (0.49, 1.31) | NS | 2.74* (1.22, 6.18) | 3.4* (0.4, 9.4) | 2.32** (1.30, 4.16) | 5.8* (1.4, 12.8) | 1.33 (0.92, 1.94) | NS |
| Panic disorder | 2.51* (1.22, 5.16) | 14.9* (2.5, 32.6) | … | … | 3.59* (1.07, 12.03) | 10.7* (0.3, 33.9) | 3.03** (1.60, 5.72) | 27.0* (9.8, 46.2) |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | … | … | … | … | 3.05* (1.21, 7.71) | 8.7* (1.0, 23.8) | 1.08 (0.57, 2.05) | NS |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.78 (0.84, 3.78) | NS | 6.99** (2.33, 20.98) | 10.7* (2.6, 28.5) | 3.99** (1.69, 9.43) | 12.2* (3.1, 28.1) | 2.70** (1.56, 4.68) | 23.6* (9.2, 40.1) |
| Alcohol dependence | … | … | … | … | … | … | 1.74 (0.77, 3.97) | NS |
| Suicidal ideation | 0.82 (0.41, 1.65) | NS | 2.46 (0.84, 7.24) | NS | 2.08 (0.93, 4.65) | NS | 1.30 (0.80, 2.13) | NS |
| Long-term restriction of activity | 1.06 (0.80, 1.40) | NS | 1.48 (0.78, 2.81) | NS | 1.32 (0.84, 2.05) | NS | 1.16 (0.91, 1.48) | NS |
| Any perceived need for treatmentc | 0.84 (0.63, 1.11) | NS | 1.28 (0.65, 2.52) | NS | 1.72* (1.12, 2.65) | 3.2* (0.6, 7.1) | 1.07 (0.85, 1.34) | NS |
| Information | 0.99 (0.67, 1.56) | NS | 2.53* (1.17, 5.45) | 3.0* (0.3, 8.2) | 2.51** (1.48, 4.26) | 6.6* (2.2, 13.2) | 1.47* (1.07, 2.01) | 7.9* (1.3, 15.5) |
| Medication | 0.78 (0.51, 1.20) | NS | 1.20 (0.38, 3.82) | NS | 1.50 (0.78, 2.90) | NS | 0.96 (0.67, 1.37) | NS |
| Counseling | 0.87 (0.63, 1.21) | NS | 1.33 (0.70, 2.52) | NS | 1.95** (1.23, 3.10) | 4.2* (1.1, 8.9) | 1.14 (0.88, 1.48) | NS |
| Social intervention | 0.60 (0.25, 1.47) | NS | … | … | 2.42* (1.05, 5.55) | 6.2* (0.2, 17.5) | 1.02 (0.58, 1.79) | NS |
| Skills training | 0.84 (0.59, 1.20) | NS | 1.13 (0.53, 2.40) | NS | 1.55 (0.97, 2.47) | NS | 1.02 (0.77, 1.34) | NS |
| Any mental health service use | 0.86 (0.63, 1.18) | NS | 1.06 (0.53, 2.09) | NS | 1.78* (1.10, 2.89) | 3.5* (0.5, 8.1) | 1.08 (0.83, 1.41) | NS |
Note. AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; NS = not significant. Sample numbers are unweighted. Percentages are weighted. Ellipses indicate that the sample size was to small to calculate.
a
Adjusted for age, marital status, income, education, military rank (junior, senior, or officer), and type of force (regular vs reserve).
b
Reference group for these regressions is “No past-year mental disorder.”
c
Reference group for these regressions is “No past-year perceived need for treatment.”
*P < .05; **P < .01.