TABLE 2.
Reported Cancer Screening and Health Insurance Rates Among Workers, by Race/Ethnicity and Industry Sector: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Cancer Screening Supplements, 2000–2005
| US Worker Population Estimatea |
NHIS Sample, No. |
Screening Prevalence |
|||||||||
| All Workers |
Hispanic Workers |
Black Workers |
|||||||||
| NORA industry sector | 2000 | 2005 | 2000 | 2005 | 2000, % (95% CI) | 2005, % (95% CI) | 2000, % (95% CI) | 2005, % (95% CI) | 2000, % (95% CI) | 2005, % (95% CI) | |
| Home or office blood stool screen (age ≥ 50 y) | |||||||||||
| All sectors | 28 395 332 | 32 338 326 | 4 480 | 4 755 | 43.3 (41.7, 44.9) | 41.0 (39.2, 42.8) | 25.0b (20.3, 29.8) | 24.5b (19.8, 29.2) | 42.4 (37.7, 47.0) | 34.6 (29.7, 39.5) | |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing | 782 140 | 561 163 | 129 | 80 | 37.4 (27.1, 47.8) | 27.6 (16.3, 38.9) | 6.5bc (0.0, 16.2) | 0.0bc (0.0, 0.0) | 18.8c (0.0, 51.7) | 65.1c (2.1, 128.1) | |
| Construction | 1 506 923 | 1 863 858 | 235 | 253 | 27.0 (20.8, 33.3) | 35.5 (28.5, 42.4) | 7.3bc (0.0, 16.0) | 15.1c (0.6, 29.6) | 17.8c (0.8, 34.8) | 18.1c (5.5, 30.7) | |
| Health care and social assistance | 3 925 453 | 4 029 784 | 657 | 646 | 52.1 (47.1, 56.5) | 50.0 (45.7, 54.2) | 40.2b (23.7, 56.7) | 42.6 (26.0, 59.2) | 46.7 (36.3, 57.1) | 39.4 (29.4, 49.3) | |
| Manufacturing | 3 984 625 | 3 951 865 | 601 | 563 | 44.4 (40.0, 48.8) | 35.1 (30.0, 40.2) | 23.8b (12.6, 35.0) | 18.7b (7.5, 29.9) | 49.4d (33.7, 65.2) | 19.1bd (9.4, 28.9) | |
| Mining | 130 696 | 125 662 | 22c | 13c | 49.8c (25.4, 74.1) | 27.8c (1.0, 54.5) | 28.5c (0.0, 62.7) | 100.0c (100.0, 100.0) | 61.5c (0.0, 100.0) | … | |
| Services | 11 287 847 | 15 661 653 | 1 781 | 2 310 | 43.9 (41.4, 46.5) | 42.4 (39.8, 45.0) | 28.0b (19.2, 36.9) | 24.1b (17.8, 30.3) | 41.2 (34.0, 48.5) | 33.8 (26.9, 40.8) | |
| Transportation, warehousing, utilities | 2 116 953 | 1 916 296 | 318 | 262 | 39.1 (33.3, 44.9) | 35.8 (29.2, 42.5) | 20.2c (1.9, 38.4) | 33.0c (12.3, 53.8) | 56.3 (39.8, 72.7) | 56.1 (38.7, 73.5) | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | 4 660 695 | 4 228 045 | 737 | 628 | 41.4 (37.5, 45.4) | 39.9 (35.9, 43.9) | 26.3b (15.3, 37.3) | 19.4b (5.6, 33.2) | 29.4bd (6.3, 17.0) | 35.4d (19.8, 51.5) | |
| Colorectal screening (age ≥ 50 y) | |||||||||||
| All sectors | 28 474 998 | 32 459 969 | 4 489 | 4 773 | 32.4d (30.8, 34.1) | 43.2d (41.4, 44.9) | 23.7b (18.5, 29.0) | 27.0b (22.4, 31.7) | 29.7 (25.5, 33.9) | 36.7b (32.3, 41.0) | |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing | 780 304 | 567 951 | 128 | 81 | 23.2 (15.0, 31.3) | 40.5 (28.6, 52.4) | 4.3bc (0.0, 12.8) | 8.3bc (0.0, 23.6) | 0.0bc (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0bc (0.0, 0.0) | |
| Construction | 1 510 182 | 1 863 858 | 236 | 253 | 27.0 (20.4, 33.6) | 38.1 (30.5, 45.6) | 3.2bc (0.0, 9.3) | 10.6bc (0.0, 23.0) | 47.6c (26.7, 68.4) | 22.5c (0.0, 45.4) | |
| Health care and social assistance | 3 953 598 | 4 054 575 | 660 | 650 | 37.2 (33.2, 41.2) | 43.5 (38.7, 48.3) | 34.2 (19.4, 49.1) | 31.3 (18.6, 44.1) | 25.5 (17.7, 33.2) | 33.7 (23.5, 44.0) | |
| Manufacturing | 3 984 625 | 3 960 412 | 601 | 564 | 30.5 (26.5, 34.4) | 38.7 (34.0, 43.3) | 21.2 (8.6, 33.8) | 30.8 (17.5, 44.0) | 39.5 (25.8, 53.1) | 36.9 (24.8, 49.1) | |
| Mining | 130 696 | 125 662 | 22c | 13c | 44.0c (18.5, 69.4) | 60.3c (24.9, 95.8) | 28.5cd (0.0, 62.7) | 100.0bcd (100.0, 100.0) | 100.0bc (100.0, 100.0) | … | |
| Services | 11 299 854 | 15 702 632 | 1 782 | 2 318 | 34.6d (32.1, 37.1) | 45.5d (43.0, 47.9) | 34.6 (25.1, 44.2) | 29.8b (22.7, 37.0) | 29.3 (23.0, 35.6) | 36.2 (29.2, 43.2) | |
| Transportation, warehousing, utilities | 2 136 908 | 1 936 266 | 320 | 264 | 27.6 (21.7, 33.5) | 38.5 (31.6, 45.3) | 19.1 (2.9, 35.3) | 27.6c (5.0, 50.3) | 38.1 (20.4, 55.7) | 49.7 (34.1, 65.3) | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | 4 678 831 | 4 248 613 | 740 | 630 | 30.1c (26.3, 33.9) | 42.8d (38.8, 46.8) | 15.4b (6.9, 24.0) | 17.0b (6.1, 27.8) | 13.2bd (3.8, 22.7) | 42.9d (27.0, 61.9) | |
| Manual breast examination (age ≥ 20 y) | |||||||||||
| All sectors | 42 770 837 | 41 921 192 | 7 312 | 6 549 | 89.0d (88.2, 89.9) | 83.3d (82.1, 84.4) | 74.5bd (71.1, 77.8) | 62.2bd (57.9, 66.4) | 88.7d (86.4, 90.9) | 78.2bd (75.3, 81.2) | |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing | 533 309 | 267 285 | 83 | 41c | 88.3 (81.8, 94.7) | 72.7c (52.3, 93.0) | 57.5c (31.7, 83.3) | 55.4c (20.6, 90.2) | 80.4c (42.4, 118.3) | 100.0bc (100.0, 100.0) | |
| Construction | 553 811 | 519 873 | 85 | 82 | 90.2 (84.4, 95.9) | 81.5 (82.1, 84.4) | 44.2c (0.0, 88.5) | 75.1c (50.6, 99.6) | 69.0c (20.4, 100.0) | 83.5c (59.0, 100.0) | |
| Health care and social assistance | 9 969 626 | 9 324 157 | 1 679 | 1 468 | 91.1d (89.5, 92.7) | 86.3d (84.4, 88.2) | 79.4b (72.8, 86.1) | 70.0b (61.4, 78.6) | 87.8 (83.8, 91.9) | 79.3b (74.3, 84.3) | |
| Manufacturing | 4 441 044 | 3 652 163 | 747 | 570 | 86.9d (84.0, 89.7) | 78.7d (74.4, 83.0) | 65.2b (56.4, 74.0) | 53.2b (41.4, 65.3) | 92.1 (86.6, 97.7) | 74.3 (62.1, 86.4) | |
| Mining | 43 391 | 23 633 | 7c | 5c | 100.0c (100.0, 100.0) | 100.0c (100.0, 100.0) | 100.0c (100.0, 100.0) | 100.0c (100.0, 100.0) | … | … | |
| Services | 18 656 428 | 21 805 997 | 3 182 | 3 385 | 90.1d (88.9, 91.3) | 83.1d (81.5, 84.6) | 77.5bd (72.7, 82.4) | 61.1bd (56.3, 66.0) | 88.2d (84.4, 92.0) | 77.9d (73.6, 82.3) | |
| Transportation, warehousing, utilities | 1 930 167 | 1 216 315 | 361 | 184 | 89.0 (84.9, 93.1) | 86.1 (80.5, 91.7) | 80.0 (65.4, 94.7) | 80.7 (65.3, 96.1) | 94.3 (89.3, 99.4) | 80.6 (64.3, 96.9) | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | 6 643 061 | 5 111 769 | 1 168 | 814 | 84.4 (82.0, 86.8) | 82.0 (85.4, 87.7) | 69.3b (61.6, 76.9) | 60.6b (50.7, 70.5) | 87.4 (80.1, 94.6) | 77.4b (73.6, 82.3) | |
| Mammogram (age ≥ 40 y) | |||||||||||
| All sectors | 28 308 100 | 30 055 295 | 4 732 | 4 604 | 86.2 (85.0, 87.4) | 86.5 (85.4, 87.7) | 77.5b (72.9, 82.0) | 75.2b (70.3, 80.0) | 82.4 (79.3, 85.6) | 82.9 (79.6, 86.2) | |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing | 371 981 | 201 226 | 57 | 32c | 88.2 (80.3, 96.0) | 81.7c (66.7, 96.8) | 87.5c (68.6, 106.4) | 53.2c (9.4, 97.0) | 100.0bc (100.0, 100.0) | … | |
| Construction | 330 203 | 346 400 | 54 | 52 | 77.1 (65.3, 88.9) | 89.9 (81.7, 98.1) | 51.1c (0.0, 120.4) | 35.5c (0.0, 84.6) | 100.0bc (100.0, 100.0) | 100.0bc (100.0, 100.0) | |
| Health care and social assistance | 6 463 462 | 6 715 778 | 1 081 | 1 035 | 87.7 (85.5, 90.0) | 87.5 (85.0, 90.0) | 86.2 (78.8, 93.6) | 86.0 (75.5, 96.4) | 77.5b (71.0, 84.1) | 81.4 (75.3, 87.6) | |
| Manufacturing | 2 915 633 | 2 628 304 | 483 | 403 | 86.7 (83.0, 90.4) | 84.0 (80.2, 87.9) | 78.1 (68.3, 87.9) | 72.7 (60.2, 85.1) | 87.6 (79.0, 96.3) | 88.0 (78.0, 98.1) | |
| Mining | 43 391 | 15 151 | 7c | 2c | 100.0c (100.0, 100.0) | 100.0c (100.0, 100.0) | 100.0c (100.0, 100.0) | … | … | … | |
| Services | 12 630 107 | 15 657 159 | 2 090 | 2 382 | 87.2 (85.5, 88.9) | 87.4 (85.9, 89.0) | 74.4b (67.0, 81.8) | 72.4b (65.6, 79.1) | 86.3 (82.2, 90.4) | 82.8 (77.9, 87.6) | |
| Transportation, warehousing, utilities | 1 289 004 | 880 918 | 235 | 131 | 83.5 (78.1, 89.0) | 85.3 (78.9, 91.7) | 89.9 (78.9, 100.0) | 69.9 (42.0, 97.8) | 84.0 (71.8, 96.2) | 80.2 (60.2, 100.0) | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | 4 264 319 | 3 610 359 | 725 | 567 | 81.7 (78.4, 85.0) | 82.7 (79.2, 86.1) | 69.4 (57.6, 81.3) | 79.5 (69.4, 89.6) | 74.4 (63.2, 85.6) | 84.3 (74.1, 94.4) | |
| Papanicolaou test (age ≥ 18 y) | |||||||||||
| All sectors | 57 334 753 | 55 574 383 | 9 585 | 8 413 | 93.9 (93.2, 94.6) | 94.0 (93.3, 94.7) | 85.2b (82.3, 88.0) | 87.6b (85.1, 90.1) | 96.7b (95.5, 97.9) | 94.2 (92.5, 95.8) | |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing | 702 746 | 329 877 | 108 | 54 | 92.8 (86.6, 98.9) | 89.2 (77.2, 100.0) | 75.8c (54.1, 97.5) | 55.9c (24.4, 87.4) | 100.0bc (100.0, 100.0) | 100.0c (100.0, 100.0) | |
| Construction | 722 085 | 590 327 | 107 | 94 | 87.1 (74.8, 99.3) | 97.4 (93.8, 100.0) | 44.5c (0.6, 88.4) | 74.4c (40.6, 100.0) | 100.0bc (100.0, 100.0) | 100.0c (100.0, 100.0) | |
| Health care and social assistance | 12 820 735 | 11 986 787 | 2 118 | 1 838 | 96.0 (94.8, 97.1) | 96.4 (95.3, 97.4) | 86.5bd (80.9, 92.0) | 96.0d (93.2, 98.8) | 97.6 (95.6, 99.6) | 93.8 (90.5, 97.0) | |
| Manufacturing | 5 589 303 | 4 336 918 | 929 | 665 | 93.7 (91.6, 95.7) | 92.4 (89.1, 95.7) | 80.9b (73.6, 88.3) | 77.9b (67.0, 88.7) | 98.9 (97.6, 100.0) | 92.7 (85.8, 99.6) | |
| Mining | 44 976 | 32 794 | 8c | 6c | 100.0c (100.0, 100.0) | 100.0c (100.0, 100.0) | 100.0c (100.0, 100.0) | 100.0c (100.0, 100.0) | … | … | |
| Services | 24 273 222 | 29 190 844 | 4 101 | 4 400 | 94.6 (93.7, 95.5) | 93.3 (92.3, 94.4) | 88.8b (85.7, 91.9) | 86.6b (83.2, 90.0) | 97.0 (95.2, 98.7) | 94.2 (91.6, 96.8) | |
| Transportation, warehousing, utilities | 2 358 298 | 1 501 921 | 441 | 223 | 97.1 (95.1, 99.1) | 96.7 (93.5, 99.8) | 96.5 (92.3, 100.8) | 97.1c (91.5, 100.0) | 100.0b (100.0, 100.0) | 94.7c (84.6, 100.0) | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | 10 823 388 | 7 604 915 | 1 773 | 1 133 | 89.8 (87.6, 92.1) | 93.2 (91.4, 95.0) | 81.3bd (75.2, 87.4) | 91.9d (87.9, 95.9) | 91.1 (85.4, 96.7) | 95.3 (93.1, 97.5) | |
| Prostate-specific antigen test (age ≥ 50 y) | |||||||||||
| All Sectors | 15 197 015 | 17 126 936 | 2 215 | 2 315 | 50.8d (48.4, 53.3) | 58.4d (55.9, 60.8) | 37.4b (30.0, 44.7) | 44.7b (37.1, 51.6) | 53.4 (45.5, 61.4) | 54.6 (47.3, 61.9) | |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing | 571 801 | 430 922 | 98 | 59 | 46.8 (35.5, 58.0) | 50.5 (36.9, 64.1) | 27.1d (7.0, 47.1) | 0.0bd (0.0, 0.0) | 30.8c (0.0, 70.0) | 0.0bc (0.0, 0.0) | |
| Construction | 1 324 176 | 1 768 617 | 204 | 236 | 43.8 (35.8, 51.8) | 55.2 (48.0, 62.4) | 29.2 (10.8, 47.6) | 24.5b (7.5, 41.5) | 44.3c (22.3, 66.2) | 68.3c (50.3, 86.4) | |
| Health care and social assistance | 942 961 | 778 879 | 141 | 110 | 69.5 (60.4, 78.7) | 69.1 (59.4, 78.8) | 42.8 (3.9, 81.6) | 86.2 (68.9, 100.0) | 24.7bc (7.6, 41.8) | 46.1c (16.7, 75.5) | |
| Manufacturing | 2 705 524 | 2 760 395 | 386 | 366 | 40.1d (35.0, 45.2) | 53.1d (47.5, 58.7) | 28.2 (12.5, 43.8) | 42.6 (26.5, 58.7) | 34.9c (16.0, 53.8) | 35.4c (19.4, 51.3) | |
| Mining | 111 290 | 122 931 | 19c | 12c | 71.0c (46.2, 95.8) | 47.6c (7.9, 87.4) | 62.9cd (29.9, 95.9) | 100.0bcd (100.0, 100.0) | 100.0bc (100.0, 100.0) | … | |
| Services | 5 237 270 | 7 329 845 | 756 | 1 001 | 55.5 (51.5, 59.8) | 60.0 (56.3, 63.7) | 49.0 (33.7, 64.4) | 44.9b (34.0, 55.8) | 61.2 (48.2, 74.2) | 57.2 (45.6, 68.7) | |
| Transportation, warehousing, utilities | 1 700 407 | 1 564 300 | 234 | 207 | 51.2 (43.8, 58.5) | 55.9 (48.1, 63.7) | 41.3 (15.4, 67.1) | 58.6 (37.1, 80.2) | 72.4c (58.3, 86.6) | 79.4c (66.4, 92.4) | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | 2 603 586 | 2 371 047 | 377 | 324 | 49.3d (43.6, 55.0) | 61.8d (55.8, 67.7) | 38.3 (21.6, 55.1) | 51.7 (30.6, 72.9) | 56.8c (38.0, 75.6) | 36.4bc (16.8, 56.1) | |
| Current health insurance (age ≥ 18 y) | |||||||||||
| All sectors | 127 320 464 | 127 810 983 | 19 527 | 17 642 | 84.5d (83.9, 85.2) | 82.4d (81.6, 83.1) | 61.8b (59.0, 64.6) | 59.0b (56.7, 61.3) | 80.4b (78.5, 82.2) | 78.0b (75.5, 80.5) | |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing | 3 188 852 | 1 721 820 | 497 | 243 | 67.7 (62.4, 72.9) | 69.6 (62.5, 76.7) | 29.9b (20.2, 39.6) | 33.7b (19.6, 47.7) | 69.0c (47.1, 90.8) | 75.5c (40.2, 110.7) | |
| Construction | 8 622 806 | 10 516 444 | 1 234 | 1 350 | 68.5d (65.6, 71.5) | 60.9d (57.5, 64.2) | 37.6b (30.7, 44.6) | 30.6b (24.6, 36.6) | 71.4 (61.8, 81.0) | 55.0 (43.0, 66.9) | |
| Health care and social assistance | 16 885 458 | 15 794 791 | 2 717 | 2 349 | 89.1 (87.9, 90.3) | 86.6 (85.0, 88.2) | 77.9b (72.2, 83.6) | 71.8b (65.6, 78.1) | 81.9b (78.3, 85.5) | 74.4b (69.3, 79.5) | |
| Manufacturing | 18 472 477 | 15 079 398 | 2 711 | 2 008 | 90.2 (88.8, 91.6) | 89.8 (88.2, 91.4) | 72.4b (68.0, 76.7) | 72.0b (66.6, 77.4) | 85.2 (80.4, 90.0) | 91.0 (86.9, 95.1) | |
| Mining | 444 848 | 413 475 | 66 | 52 | 88.7 (81.8, 96.2) | 88.6 (80.2, 97.0) | 84.5c (65.4, 103.7) | 75.6c (53.6, 97.6) | 100.0bc (100.0, 100.0) | 100.0bc (100.0, 100.0) | |
| Services | 46 156 829 | 59 549 626 | 7 287 | 8 305 | 87.8 (86.9, 88.6) | 83.4 (82.4, 84.5) | 67.4b (63.7, 71.2) | 61.6b (58.2, 65.0) | 82.0b (79.5, 84.5) | 78.2b (74.5, 81.8) | |
| Transportation, warehousing, utilities | 9 271 769 | 6 620 522 | 1 377 | 889 | 88.3 (86.4, 90.3) | 86.5 (84.1, 88.8) | 80.1 (73.2, 87.1) | 69.9b (62.0, 77.7) | 87.3 (83.0, 91.6) | 86.7 (81.2, 92.3) | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | 24 277 425 | 18 114 907 | 3 638 | 2 446 | 77.2d (75.6, 78.9) | 81.0d (79.1, 82.9) | 52.1b (45.9, 58.3) | 62.6b (57.1, 68.1) | 69.7b (64.4, 75.0) | 73.7 (67.5, 79.8) | |
Note. CI = confidence interval; NORA = National Occupational Research Agenda. Industry sectors were based on the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health NORA classification.
a
Worker estimates based on NHIS sampling weights and estimates vary by screening age cutoff and nonresponse to screening questions.
b
Statistically different compared with all workers within the same year.
c
Sample size was under 45, which is considered unstable by the NHIS.
d
Statistically different between years.