TABLE 3.
Reported Cancer Screening and Health Insurance Rates Among Workers, by Race, Ethnicity, and Occupational Status: National Health Interview Survey Cancer (NHIS) Screening Supplements, 2000–2005
| US Worker Population Estimatea |
NHIS Sample, No. |
Screening Prevalence |
||||||||
| All Workers |
Hispanic Workers |
Black Workers |
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| Occupational status | 2000 | 2005 | 2000 | 2005 | 2000, % (95% CI) | 2005, % (95% CI) | 2000, % (95% CI) | 2005, % (95% CI) | 2000, % (95% CI) | 2005, % (95% CI) |
| Home or office blood stool screen (age ≥ 50 y) | ||||||||||
| All workers | 28 562 316 | 32 309 880 | 4510 | 4753 | 43.3 (41.7, 44.9) | 41.0 (39.3, 42.8) | 24.9b (20.2, 29.7) | 24.9b (20.2, 29.6) | 42.3 (37.6, 46.9) | 34.4 (29.5, 39.3) |
| White collar | 18 082 862 | 19 981 996 | 2793 | 2885 | 48.2 (46.1, 50.3) | 45.4 (43.2, 47.6) | 34.4b (25.4, 43.4) | 30.6b (22.4, 38.8) | 44.7 (38.7, 51.2) | 39.2 (32.1, 46.2) |
| Service | 3 272 511 | 5 099 729 | 595 | 834 | 36.6 (32.4, 40.7) | 38.5 (34.7, 42.3) | 21.4b (12.6, 30.3) | 31.6 (22.1, 41.0) | 39.1 (30.4, 47.9) | 33.9 (25.2, 42.7) |
| Farm worker | 751 355 | 249 062 | 129 | 37c | 35.4 (25.3, 45.5) | 21.5c (7.2, 35.8) | 2.4bc (0.0, 7.4) | 0.0bc (0.0, 0.0) | 24.4c (0.0, 57.2) | 68.8c (9.3, 128.3) |
| Blue collar | 6 455 588 | 6 979 093 | 993 | 997 | 33.8 (30.3, 37.2) | 31.1 (27.7, 34.4) | 19.2b (12.1, 26.3) | 14.0b (8.1, 20.0) | 42.2 (33.5, 50.9) | 26.9 (19.1, 34.8) |
| Colorectal screening (age ≥ 50 y) | ||||||||||
| All workers | 28 641 982 | 32 431 523 | 4519 | 4771 | 32.3d (30.6, 34.0) | 43.3d (41.6, 45.0) | 23.7b (18.4, 28.9) | 27.6b (22.9, 32.3) | 29.6 (25.5, 33.8) | 36.7b (32.3, 41.1) |
| White collar | 18 139 063 | 20 063 939 | 2799 | 2897 | 36.6d (34.5, 38.7) | 48.4d (46.2, 50.6) | 37.8 (28.5, 47.1) | 36.4b (27.7, 45.2) | 31.4 (25.5, 37.2) | 42.6 (35.6, 49.5) |
| Service | 3 279 957 | 5 119 459 | 596 | 838 | 24.7d (20.7, 28.7) | 38.2d (34.2, 42.2) | 21.6 (10.8, 32.4) | 23.4b (16.2, 30.7) | 18.3 (11.7, 25.0) | 32.5 (23.7, 41.2) |
| Farm worker | 749 519 | 249 062 | 128 | 37c | 20.8 (12.9, 28.8) | 30.8c (14.5, 47.1) | 4.5c (0.0, 13.3) | 9.2c (0.0, 26.1) | 0.0bc (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0c (0.0, 0.0) |
| Blue collar | 6 473 443 | 6 999 063 | 996 | 999 | 25.6d (22.6, 28.6) | 32.9d (29.6, 36.3) | 11.3b (5.7, 16.8) | 22.1 (14.7, 29.6) | 39.4b (31.0, 47.9) | 31.5 (23.7, 39.4) |
| Manual breast examination (age ≥ 20 y) | ||||||||||
| All workers | 42 929 966 | 41 933 057 | 7344 | 6556 | 89.1d (88.2, 89.9) | 83.3d (82.2, 84.5) | 74.5bd (71.1, 77.9) | 62.2bd (58.0, 66.4) | 88.7d (86.4, 90.9) | 78.5bd (75.7, 81.4) |
| White collar | 31 438 346 | 30 387 403 | 5225 | 4559 | 91.8d (90.9, 92.6) | 86.6d (85.3, 87.8) | 84.5bd (80.4, 88.6) | 74.1bd (69.0, 79.3) | 92.0d (89.8, 94.3) | 81.4bd (77.8, 85.0) |
| Service | 6 952 627 | 8 079 865 | 1304 | 1414 | 82.1d (79.7, 84.5) | 75.8d (73.1, 78.5) | 63.3b (56.5, 70.1) | 49.8b (42.7, 56.9) | 80.7 (75.1, 86.2) | 76.0 (71.0, 81.0) |
| Farm worker | 346 588 | 117 500 | 59 | 23c | 84.1 (74.5, 93.7) | 67.0c (44.0, 90.0) | 50.9c (24.2, 77.5) | 53.2c (23.4, 83.0) | 82.3c (47.0, 100.0) | 45.5c (0.0, 100.0) |
| Blue collar | 4 192 405 | 3 408 289 | 756 | 560 | 80.8 (77.3, 84.3) | 73.1 (68.5, 87.8) | 62.3b (54.2, 70.5) | 47.9b (38.0, 57.7) | 89.5bd (84.7, 94.3) | 70.0d (59.7, 80.3) |
| Mammogram (age ≥ 40 y) | ||||||||||
| All workers | 28 398 360 | 30 088 247 | 4753 | 4604 | 86.2 (85.0, 87.5) | 86.4 (85.3, 87.6) | 77.5b (73.0, 82.1) | 75.6b (70.7, 80.5) | 82.5 (79.3, 85.6) | 83.0b (79.6, 86.3) |
| White collar | 20 928 158 | 21 843 139 | 3402 | 3223 | 88.8 (87.4, 90.1) | 88.4 (87.1, 89.7) | 84.1 (79.0, 89.1) | 80.9b (75.1, 86.7) | 87.2 (84.0, 90.4) | 84.3 (80.0, 88.6) |
| Service | 4 513 855 | 5 688 639 | 829 | 974 | 76.1 (72.5, 79.7) | 81.9 (78.8, 85.0) | 67.1 (58.4, 75.9) | 72.4 (63.3, 81.5) | 70.5 (62.7, 78.3) | 80.1 (73.8, 86.3) |
| Farm worker | 222 687 | 89 054 | 40 | 17c | 82.5 (69.2, 95.8) | 61.2c (33.5, 88.8) | 88.4c (71.0, 100.0) | 44.7c (5.8, 83.6) | 100.0bc (100.0, 100.0) | 100.0bc (100.0, 100.0) |
| Blue collar | 2 733 660 | 2 467 415 | 482 | 390 | 83.9 (80.4, 87.3) | 80.7 (76.0, 85.5) | 74.8 (66.0, 83.6) | 67.9 (56.3, 79.6) | 88.2 (81.2, 95.1) | 84.0 (74.4, 93.6) |
| Papanicolaou test (age ≥ 18 y) | ||||||||||
| All workers | 57 527 535 | 55 612 395 | 9624 | 8416 | 93.9 (93.2, 94.6) | 94.0 (93.3, 94.7) | 85.2b (82.3, 88.0) | 87.6b (85.1, 90.1) | 96.7 (95.5, 97.9) | 94.2 (92.5, 95.8) |
| White collar | 41 762 462 | 39 164 261 | 6836 | 5742 | 95.4 (94.7, 96.0) | 95.9 (95.3, 96.6) | 89.8 (87.3, 92.3) | 93.8 (91.7, 95.8) | 97.2 (95.9, 98.5) | 94.9 (93.3, 96.4) |
| Service | 9 915 550 | 12 032 430 | 1773 | 1965 | 89.8 (87.9, 91.6) | 90.2 (88.3, 92.1) | 80.1 (75.1, 85.1) | 84.0 (79.3, 88.7) | 95.5 (92.5, 98.5) | 93.2 (89.7, 96.7) |
| Farm worker | 451 797 | 170 362 | 81 | 33c | 90.5 (83.4, 97.7) | 79.1c (58.5, 99.7) | 82.7c (75.1, 85.1) | 66.8c (38.2, 95.4) | 100.0c (100.0, 100.0) | 100.0c (100.0, 100.0) |
| Blue collar | 5 397 726 | 4 245 342 | 934 | 676 | 90.7 (87.0, 94.3) | 87.7 (83.9, 91.5) | 77.7 (68.5, 86.9) | 76.5 (67.5, 85.6) | 96.3 (92.5, 100.0) | 92.8 (86.7, 98.8) |
| Prostate-specific antigen test (age ≥ 50 y) | ||||||||||
| All workers | 15 314 204 | 17 098 683 | 2233 | 2313 | 50.8d (48.3, 53.2) | 58.4d (55.9, 60.8) | 37.4b (30.4, 44.7) | 44.6 (37.8, 51.5) | 53.2 (45.3, 61.6) | 54.5 (47.1, 61.8) |
| White collar | 8 328 019 | 9 090 371 | 1162 | 1187 | 56.3d (53.0, 59.6) | 64.6d (61.3, 67.9) | 48.1 (33.4, 62.8) | 55.1 (40.9, 69.3) | 60.5 (47.6, 73.4) | 54.0 (42.6, 65.5) |
| Service | 1 138 305 | 1 911 844 | 190 | 292 | 46.8 (38.1, 55.4) | 53.1 (46.3, 59.8) | 41.2c (15.8, 66.5) | 40.6 (25.4, 55.8) | 44.0 (29.2, 58.8) | 55.6 (36.1, 75.2) |
| Farm worker | 631 672 | 206 027 | 108 | 27c | 52.8 (42.0, 63.7) | 60.2c (38.5, 82.0) | 16.2bcd (5.9, 26.5) | 0.0bcd (0.0, 0.0) | 47.4cd (1.1, 93.6) | 0.0cd (0.0, 0.0) |
| Blue collar | 5 216 208 | 5 890 441 | 773 | 807 | 42.5d (38.8, 46.2) | 50.4d (46.5, 54.3) | 32.1 (22.3, 41.9) | 42.0 (32.2, 51.7) | 52.3 (41.7, 62.8) | 54.9 (44.4, 65.4) |
| Current health insurance (age ≥ 18 y) | ||||||||||
| All workers | 127 943 300 | 127 771 802 | 19 633 | 17 640 | 84.5d (83.8, 85.2) | 82.3d (81.6, 83.1) | 61.7b (59.0, 64.5) | 59.1b (56.8, 61.4) | 80.3b (78.5, 82.1) | 78.0b (75.5, 80.5) |
| White collar | 76 445 923 | 74 241 954 | 11 701 | 10 152 | 91.0 (90.4, 91.6) | 89.4 (88.7, 90.2) | 78.4b (75.4, 81.4) | 79.1b (75.8, 82.3) | 86.1b (84.2, 88.0) | 83.7b (81.0, 86.3) |
| Service | 16 960 933 | 22 269 921 | 2813 | 3338 | 71.1 (69.1, 73.0) | 71.0 (69.1, 72.9) | 48.9b (42.9, 54.8) | 49.3b (45.0, 53.6) | 68.7 (64.4, 73.0) | 67.9 (63.0, 72.7) |
| Farm worker | 2 958 645 | 969 731 | 486 | 146 | 64.8 (59.2, 70.3) | 61.8 (52.0, 71.6) | 30.4b (21.1, 39.6) | 37.6 (22.8, 52.4) | 66.5c (47.8, 85.3) | 66.9c (21.6, 100.0) |
| Blue collar | 31 577 799 | 30 290 196 | 4633 | 4004 | 77.8 (76.4, 79.2) | 73.9 (72.2, 75.6) | 55.1b (51.5, 58.8) | 48.8b (45.1, 52.6) | 78.7 (75.1, 82.4) | 77.2 (72.9, 81.5) |
Note. CI = confidence interval.
a
Worker estimates based on NHIS sampling weights and estimates vary by screening age cutoff and nonresponse to screening questions.
b
Statistically different compared with all workers within the same year.
c
Sample size was under 45, which is considered unstable by the NHIS.
d
Statistically different between years.