TABLE 2.
Fixed-Effects Models for the Bivariate Association Between Infant Mortality Rate and Family Health Program Coverage: Brazil, 1996–2004
| Infant Mortality Rate |
Neonatal Mortality Rate, RR (95% CI) | Postneonatal Mortality Rate, RR (95% CI) | ||
| Variables | Crude RR (95% CI) | Adjusted RR (95% CI) | ||
| FHP coverage | ||||
| No FHPa (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Incipient FHPb | 0.84 (0.82, 0.85) | 0.87 (0.86, 0.89) | 0.90 (0.89, 0.92) | 0.82 (0.80, 0.84) |
| Intermediate FHPc | 0.77 (0.75, 0.79) | 0.84 (0.82, 0.86) | 0.86 (0.84, 0.89) | 0.78 (0.75, 0.81) |
| Consolidate FHPd | 0.68 (0.64, 0.73) | 0.78 (0.73, 0.83) | 0.81 (0.76, 0.88) | 0.69 (0.62, 0.76) |
| Total fertility rate ≤ 2.4 children per childbearing-age woman | 0.90 (0.87, 0.93) | 0.92 (0.88, 0.95) | 0.88 (0.84, 0.92) | |
| Per capita income ≥ BR $258.00 | 0.92 (0.89, 0.94) | 0.93 (0.89, 0.96) | 0.89 (0.85, 0.93) | |
| Functional illiterates rate ≤ 26.0% of individuals aged ≥ 15 y | 0.87 (0.84, 0.89) | 0.89 (0.86, 0.92) | 0.83 (0.79, 0.87) | |
| Percentage of persons living in households with running water ≥ 96.0% | 0.91 (0.89, 0.93) | 0.93 (0.90, 0.95) | 0.88 (0.85, 0.91) | |
| Gini indexe ≤ 0.55 | 1.18 (1.14, 1.22) | 1.21 (1.16, 1.26) | 1.10 (1.05, 1.16) | |
| Local hospitalization | 0.88 (0.82, 0.96) | 0.88 (0.80, 0.96) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.06) | |
Note. CI = confidence interval; FHP = Family Health Program; RR = rate ratio. For infant mortality rate and neonatal mortality rate there were 6489 observations made in 721 municipalities. For postneonatal mortality rate, there were 6444 observations made in 716 municipalities.
Defined as coverage equal to 0% of the population.
Defined as coverage of less than 30.0% of the municipal population.
Defined as coverage of 30.0% to 69.9% of the municipal population or coverage of 70.0% or more and time of implementation in the municipality of fewer than 4 years.
Defined as coverage of 70.0% or more of the municipal population and time of implementation in the municipality of 4 years or longer.
The Gini index is a measure of statistical dispersion and was used here as a measure of inequality of income distribution. It varies from 0 to 1, where a value of 0 corresponds to perfect equality and a value of 1 corresponds to perfect inequality.