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Runx2 is required for BMP2 and Smad1-induced RANKL activation. ATDC5 cells were transiently co-transfected with Smad1 expression vector and RANKL reporter deletion mutants (A), RANKL reporter with point mutations in the Runx2-binding sequence (B), or dominant negative Runx2 ± Smad1 expression vector and RANKL reporter (C). Cells were treated with BMP2 (100 ng/ml) for 48 h, and a luciferase assay was performed. a p < 0.05 where indicated in A and B and against control value in C.
