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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Econ Psychol. 2008 Dec;29(6):810–831. doi: 10.1016/j.joep.2008.03.006

Table 4.

Alcohol participation stratified by risk preference

PSID: Ages 21 - 54 HRS: Ages 55 and older

Sample Risk Averse Risk Tolerant Risk Averse Risk Tolerant

1 2 3 4
Real Beer Tax -0.2157** (0.1094) [ε = -0.056] -0.1822** (0.0977) [ε = -0.037] -0.3863** (0.1942) [ε = -0.159] -0.5987** (0.2902) [ε = -0.205]
Male 0.1988*** (0.0227) 0.0875*** (0.0203) 0.1641*** (0.0094) 0.1729*** (0.0126)
Black -0.1056*** (0.0264) -0.1918*** (0.0257) -0.0750*** (0.0126) -0.0904*** (0.0181)
Other Race -0.1006 (0.0826) -0.1775*** (0.0671) -0.1211*** (0.0205) -0.1367*** (0.0286)
Hispanic -0.0417 (0.1095) -0.0349 (0.0843) -0.0613*** (0.0169) 0.0012 (0.0257)
High School 0.0294 (0.0428) -0.0054 (0.0455) 0.0586*** (0.0123) 0.0575*** (0.0181)
Some College 0.1176*** (0.0402) -0.0107 (0.0401) 0.1252*** (0.0151) 0.1159*** (0.0203)
College 0.1401*** (0.0411) -0.0029 (0.0404) 0.1573*** (0.0164) 0.2200*** (0.0213)
Real Income 0.0013*** (0.0004) 0.0026*** (0.0004) 0.0007*** (0.0002) 0.0007** (0.0003)
Married -0.1390*** (0.0260) -0.1139*** (0.0219) 0.0094 (0.0099) 0.0046 (0.0135)
Employed 0.1146*** (0.0361) 0.0881*** (0.0323) 0.0443*** (0.0129) 0.0365** (0.0178)
Unemployed 0.1549*** (0.0483) 0.1108*** (0.0372) 0.0447 (0.0311) 0.0220 (0.0362)
Retired 0.1927** (0.0696) 0.0769 (0.0942) 0.0562*** (0.0124) 0.0577*** (0.0173)
Household Size -0.0167** (0.0085) -0.0262*** (0.0075) -0.0173*** (0.0036) -0.0193*** (0.0049)
Parental Education 0.0561* (0.0302) 0.0157 (0.0231) 0.0316*** (0.0095) 0.0404*** (0.0135)
Functional Difficulties -0.0466 (0.0343) -0.0373 (0.0360) -0.0280*** (0.0032) -0.0329*** (0.0045)
Hypertension -0.0008 (0.0266) 0.0210 (0.0235) -0.0097 (0.0084) -0.0089 (0.0119)
Diabetes -0.0498 (0.0465) -0.0002 (0.0461) -0.1401*** (0.0101) -0.1278*** (0.0149)
Heart Disease -0.0423 (0.0532) 0.0002 (0.0491) -0.0258** (0.0107) -0.0620*** (0.0149)
Stroke 0.0949 (0.0787) -0.0924 (0.0836) -0.0503*** (0.0181) -0.0990*** (0.0246)
Depression 0.0023 (0.0114) 0.0180* (0.0096) -0.0022 (0.0020) -0.0066*** (0.0028)
BAC 08 -0.0127 (0.0211) -0.0130 (0.0186)
Percent Dry -0.3604*** (0.1066) -0.3651*** (0.1055)
Monopoly State 0.0585** (0.0228) 0.0412** (0.0196)
Age Indicators Yes Yes** Yes*** Yes***
Year Indicators Yes** Yes Yes*** Yes***
State Indicators No No Yes*** Yes***
Pseudo R2 0.077 0.100 0.143 0.153
Percent Correctly Classified 63.6 66.4 67.5 68.6
Observations 4,355 5,190 43,181 23,183

Notes: See Table 3.