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. 2009 Jan 26;10:13. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-10-13

Table 2.

Crude and adjusted associations between baseline characteristics and neck pain (NPAD-d)

	NPAD-d^a
	Crude linear regression model			Adjusted linear regression model^b
Baseline characteristics	regression coefficient	95% confidence interval	p-value	regression coefficient	95% confidence interval	p-value
*Socio-demographic variables*
Age 50 years or older	2.25	-1.22; 5.73	0.203	2.17	-2.11; 6.45	0.320
Female	1.48	-2.70; 5.67	0.486	4.07	-0.10; 8.10	0.051
Unemployed or retired	1.58	-2.00; 5.17	0.386	0.55	-3.46; 4.56	0.787
Basic education (< 10 years at school)	4.80	1.17; 8.43	0.010	2.38	-1.54; 6.30	0.233
Living without partner	-3.87	-7.91; 0.17	0.060	-3.60	-7.57; 0.38	0.076
Living with ≤ 2 persons in the same household	-2.12	-5.71; 1.46	0.245	-2.12	-5.97; 1.63	0.263
*Psychosocial characteristics*
Depression (HADS Depression subscale, 0–21)	2.16	1.74; 2.57	<0.001	1.52	0.87; 2.16	<0.001
Anxiety (HADS Anxiety subscale, 0–21)	1.87	1.48; 2.25	<0.001	0.90	0.36; 1.42	0.001
Deficits in social support	5.19	1.56; 8.81	0.005	-0.40	-4.50; 3.69	0.847
*Medical history*
Had injury of the cervical spine	1.95	-2.57; 6.47	0.397	2.06	-2.02; 6.13	0.321
*Health-promoting lifestyle*
Exercises once or less per week	4.50	1.06; 7.94	0.011	0.95	-2.41; 4.31	0.579

^aNPAD-d: Neck Pain and Disability Scale German version

^bR-squared = 0,255